# Best Operating Systems *By [Shalaka Joshi](https://research.g2.com/insights/author/shalaka-joshi)* Operating systems (OS) allow users to perform the basic functions of a computer. The [best operating systems](https://learn.g2.com/best-operating-system) oversee all software and peripheral hardware and accesses the central processing unit (CPU) for memory or storage. It also makes it possible for a system to run applications simultaneously. All PCs, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and servers require an OS. Developers may opt for specific operating systems more conducive to programming and application development. In contrast, the average employee will likely use a proprietary system for more common, everyday usage. The most common operating systems for businesses are Microsoft’s Windows, Apple’s OS X, and Linux distributions, as well as mobile operating systems for smartphones. To qualify for inclusion in the Operating System category, a product must: - Manage a device’s software and external hardware - Allow for simultaneous use of applications - Connect with the central processing unit for memory and storage allocation ## Best Operating Systems At A Glance - **Leader:** [Windows 11](https://www.g2.com/products/windows-11/reviews) - **Highest Performer:** [Wind River Linux](https://www.g2.com/products/wind-river-linux/reviews) - **Easiest to Use:** [Windows 11](https://www.g2.com/products/windows-11/reviews) - **Top Trending:** [AlmaLinux OS](https://www.g2.com/products/almalinux-os/reviews) - **Best Free Software:** [Ubuntu](https://www.g2.com/products/ubuntu/reviews) ## Top-Rated Products (Ranked by G2 Score) ### 1. [Windows 11](https://www.g2.com/products/windows-11/reviews) Windows 11 is Microsoft's latest operating system, designed to provide a seamless and intuitive user experience across various devices. With a fresh, modern interface and enhanced performance, Windows 11 aims to boost productivity, creativity, and connectivity for users worldwide. Key Features and Functionality: - Redesigned Start Menu: Centered on the taskbar, the new Start Menu offers a clean layout with customizable sections for favorite apps, enabling quicker access to essential tools. - Snap Assist and Virtual Desktops: Enhance multitasking by organizing open windows into aligned grids and creating personalized desktops for different tasks, such as work, gaming, or personal use. - Integrated Microsoft Teams: Seamlessly connect with friends, family, and colleagues through chat, voice, or video directly from the taskbar, facilitating effortless communication. - Widgets: Stay updated with personalized content and news feeds powered by AI, accessible directly from the desktop. - Gaming Enhancements: Experience immersive gaming with technologies like DirectX 12 Ultimate, DirectStorage for faster load times, and Auto HDR for vivid visuals. - Enhanced Security: Benefit from built-in security features, including biometric logins, encrypted authentication, and advanced antivirus defenses to protect against cyber threats. Primary Value and User Solutions: Windows 11 addresses the evolving needs of users by offering a streamlined interface that simplifies navigation and enhances productivity. Its multitasking capabilities, such as Snap Assist and Virtual Desktops, allow users to manage multiple tasks efficiently. The integration of Microsoft Teams directly into the taskbar ensures seamless communication, while gaming enhancements provide a superior entertainment experience. Additionally, robust security measures safeguard user data, offering peace of mind in an increasingly digital world. Overall, Windows 11 delivers a comprehensive solution that balances functionality, security, and user-friendly design. **Average Rating:** 4.5/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 3,905 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.9/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 9.2/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.5/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 9.0/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Microsoft](https://www.g2.com/sellers/microsoft) - **Year Founded:** 1975 - **HQ Location:** Redmond, Washington - **Twitter:** @microsoft (13,090,464 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/microsoft/ (227,697 employees on LinkedIn®) - **Ownership:** MSFT **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** Software Engineer, Software Developer - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 36% Small-Business, 31% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - User-Friendly (269 reviews) - Ease of Use (261 reviews) - Speed/Performance (253 reviews) - User Interface (231 reviews) - Design Aesthetics (202 reviews) **Cons:** - Limited Customization (108 reviews) - High Requirements (100 reviews) - Menu Issues (96 reviews) - Taskbar Issues (90 reviews) - Performance Issues (89 reviews) ### 2. [Apple iOS](https://www.g2.com/products/apple-ios/reviews) Apple's iOS is a sophisticated mobile operating system that powers the iPhone, offering a seamless and intuitive user experience. With each iteration, iOS introduces innovative features and enhancements that elevate device functionality and user engagement. Key Features and Functionality: - Liquid Glass Design: iOS 26 introduces the Liquid Glass design, characterized by rounded, translucent elements that react dynamically to motion and user inputs, providing a visually engaging interface. - Visual Intelligence: This feature enables users to search, ask questions, and take actions directly with the content displayed on their iPhone screen, enhancing interactivity and efficiency. - Live Translation: Integrated into Messages, FaceTime, and Phone apps, Live Translation facilitates real-time communication across different languages, breaking down language barriers. - Enhanced Messaging: Users can personalize chats with new backgrounds and utilize polls in Messages, enriching the communication experience. - Advanced Privacy Controls: iOS 26 offers new screening tools in Phone, FaceTime, and Messages to help users manage distractions and maintain privacy. - CarPlay Enhancements: The latest update includes Live Activities and Tapbacks in CarPlay, providing more information at a glance and improving in-car connectivity. Primary Value and User Solutions: iOS delivers a cohesive and user-friendly platform that integrates cutting-edge technology with everyday usability. The introduction of the Liquid Glass design and Visual Intelligence in iOS 26 enhances the aesthetic appeal and functionality of the device, making interactions more intuitive. Features like Live Translation and enhanced messaging capabilities address the need for effective and personalized communication. Advanced privacy controls empower users to manage their digital environment, ensuring a secure and distraction-free experience. Overall, iOS continues to set the standard for mobile operating systems by combining innovation with user-centric design. **Average Rating:** 4.6/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 1,483 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 9.0/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 9.4/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 9.0/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.7/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Apple](https://www.g2.com/sellers/apple) - **Year Founded:** 1976 - **HQ Location:** Cupertino, CA - **Twitter:** @Apple (9,923,208 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/162479/ (180,534 employees on LinkedIn®) - **Ownership:** NASDAQ:AAPL **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** Software Engineer, Owner - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 48% Small-Business, 27% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - User-Friendly (52 reviews) - Ease of Use (39 reviews) - Speed/Performance (35 reviews) - Design Aesthetics (34 reviews) - User Interface (28 reviews) **Cons:** - Apple Limitations (37 reviews) - Limited Customization (32 reviews) - High Cost (22 reviews) - Limited Apps/Store (17 reviews) - Usage Difficulty (10 reviews) ### 3. [Chrome OS](https://www.g2.com/products/chrome-os/reviews) ChromeOS is a lightweight, cloud-centric operating system developed by Google, designed to provide a fast, secure, and user-friendly computing experience. Built upon the Linux kernel, it primarily utilizes the Google Chrome web browser as its main interface, emphasizing web applications and cloud storage. Since its debut in 2011, ChromeOS has powered a range of devices, including Chromebooks, Chromeboxes, and Chromebits, catering to users seeking simplicity and efficiency in their digital tasks. Key Features and Functionality: - Seamless Integration with Google Services: ChromeOS offers built-in access to Google applications such as Gmail, Google Drive, and Google Photos, ensuring a cohesive and synchronized user experience across devices. - Support for Android and Linux Applications: Users can install and run a vast array of Android apps from the Google Play Store, as well as Linux applications, expanding the system's versatility and functionality. - Enhanced Security Measures: With features like verified boot, automatic updates, and sandboxing, ChromeOS provides robust protection against malware and security threats, minimizing the need for additional antivirus software. - Optimized Performance and Battery Life: Designed for efficiency, ChromeOS devices typically offer quick boot times and extended battery life, making them ideal for on-the-go usage. - Cloud-Based Storage and Synchronization: Emphasizing cloud storage, ChromeOS ensures that user data is accessible from any device with internet connectivity, promoting flexibility and ease of access. Primary Value and User Solutions: ChromeOS addresses the needs of users seeking a straightforward, secure, and efficient computing platform. Its cloud-centric approach reduces reliance on local storage, facilitating seamless access to files and applications from various devices. The integration with Google services and support for a wide range of applications cater to both productivity and entertainment needs. Additionally, the system's emphasis on security and automatic updates provides peace of mind, particularly for users concerned about online threats. Overall, ChromeOS offers a streamlined and reliable computing experience suitable for students, professionals, and casual users alike. **Average Rating:** 4.5/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 652 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.7/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 9.3/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.7/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.8/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Google](https://www.g2.com/sellers/google) - **Year Founded:** 1998 - **HQ Location:** Mountain View, CA - **Twitter:** @google (31,840,340 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/1441/ (336,169 employees on LinkedIn®) - **Ownership:** NASDAQ:GOOG **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** Software Engineer, Owner - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 44% Small-Business, 31% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Speed/Performance (113 reviews) - Ease of Use (108 reviews) - User-Friendly (63 reviews) - Easy Setup (51 reviews) - Lightweight Size (41 reviews) **Cons:** - Limited Software (58 reviews) - Limited Apps/Store (46 reviews) - Limited Customization (20 reviews) - Connectivity Issues (19 reviews) - Performance Issues (17 reviews) ### 4. [Android](https://www.g2.com/products/android/reviews) Android Enterprise Management is a comprehensive solution designed to simplify the deployment, management, and security of Android devices within business environments. It offers a suite of tools that enable organizations to efficiently configure devices, enforce security policies, and manage applications across their workforce. This platform supports various device management scenarios, including employee-owned devices, company-owned devices, and dedicated devices for specific tasks. Key Features and Functionality: - Zero-Touch Enrollment: Facilitates the rapid deployment of devices by allowing them to be configured remotely upon first boot, reducing manual setup time. - Work Profiles: Creates a clear separation between work and personal data on devices, ensuring corporate information remains secure while respecting user privacy. - Managed Google Play: Enables IT administrators to distribute and manage applications efficiently, providing employees with access to approved apps while maintaining control over app installations. - Comprehensive Security Controls: Offers robust security features, including enforcing lock screens, encryption, and the ability to remotely wipe data from lost or stolen devices. - Flexible Management Options: Supports various device management modes, such as fully managed devices for work-only use and dedicated devices locked to specific functions. Primary Value and Solutions Provided: Android Enterprise Management addresses the challenges businesses face in managing a diverse range of Android devices by offering a unified platform that enhances security, streamlines device deployment, and simplifies application management. By leveraging these capabilities, organizations can ensure that their mobile workforce operates efficiently and securely, regardless of device ownership or usage scenarios. **Average Rating:** 4.6/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 1,188 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.8/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 9.3/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.5/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.7/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Google](https://www.g2.com/sellers/google) - **Year Founded:** 1998 - **HQ Location:** Mountain View, CA - **Twitter:** @google (31,840,340 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/1441/ (336,169 employees on LinkedIn®) - **Ownership:** NASDAQ:GOOG **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** Software Engineer, Senior Software Engineer - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 51% Small-Business, 26% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - User-Friendly (39 reviews) - Customization/Personalization (37 reviews) - Ease of Use (31 reviews) - App Ecosystem (28 reviews) - Easy Setup (10 reviews) **Cons:** - Slow Updates (26 reviews) - Security Issues (20 reviews) - Bloatware Issues (17 reviews) - Performance Issues (8 reviews) - Poor UI/UX (7 reviews) ### 5. [Ubuntu](https://www.g2.com/products/ubuntu/reviews) Ubuntu is the Linux OS that’s made for everyone. Harness the freedom and creativity of open source, from laptops and workstations to servers and IoT devices Published by Canonical, Ubuntu brings you the best of open source, backed by enterprise-grade assurance. Ubuntu delivers a unified and stable experience. Ubuntu serves as an interoperable platform, from the desktop to the edge. Wherever you innovate, you can expect high-performance and the same rich tooling ecosystem. Through community and partnership, we ensure that Ubuntu is always at the cutting-edge. Open source contributors work to ensure that the latest applications, tools and libraries have a home in the Ubuntu ecosystem. Our hardware partners, such as Dell, Lenovo, HP, IBM and NVIDIA, work with us to certify Ubuntu out-of-the-box on the latest boards, devices and chipsets, through a series of over 500 OS compatibility tests per device. When the time comes to scale up, Ubuntu provides integrations to make device governance manageable. Enforce strict identity management protocols with support for Microsoft Active Directory, Entra ID and Google Cloud platform, through Ubuntu’s AuthD broker. Ubuntu’s regular release cadence empowers you to plan ahead with confidence. Across your stack, Ubuntu LTS (long-term support) releases receive 5 years of patching and maintenance as standard. Additional enterprise-grade support is delivered through Ubuntu Pro - Canonical’s comprehensive subscription for open source security. Ubuntu Pro expands security patching and maintenance for up to 12 years and includes tooling for hardening and compliance, enabling you to stay ahead of CVEs, minimize downtime and meet your regulatory requirements. This includes support for frameworks such as FIPS, DISA STIG, NIST and the Cyber Resilience Act. **Average Rating:** 4.5/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 2,285 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.7/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 8.7/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.3/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.7/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Canonical Ltd.](https://www.g2.com/sellers/canonical-ltd) - **Year Founded:** 2004 - **HQ Location:** London - **Twitter:** @Canonical (109,157 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/234280/ (1,893 employees on LinkedIn®) **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** Software Engineer, Senior Software Engineer - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 47% Small-Business, 33% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Ease of Use (337 reviews) - Linux/Ubuntu OS (299 reviews) - Open Source (213 reviews) - User Interface (190 reviews) - User-Friendly (185 reviews) **Cons:** - Compatibility Issues (141 reviews) - Driver Issues (104 reviews) - Limited Software (104 reviews) - Usage Difficulty (91 reviews) - Performance Issues (80 reviews) ### 6. [macOS Sierra](https://www.g2.com/products/apple-macos-sierra/reviews) macOS Sierra, version 10.12, is the thirteenth major release of Apple's desktop operating system for Macintosh computers. Released on September 20, 2016, it introduced several significant features aimed at enhancing user experience and system functionality. Key Features and Functionality: - Siri Integration: Siri, Apple's intelligent assistant, was introduced to the Mac, enabling users to perform tasks such as sending messages, searching for files, and adjusting system settings through voice commands. - Universal Clipboard: This feature allows users to copy content on one Apple device and paste it onto another seamlessly, enhancing cross-device workflow. - iCloud Drive Enhancements: Users can now access their Desktop and Documents folders across all their Apple devices, ensuring important files are always within reach. - Optimized Storage: macOS Sierra helps free up space by storing rarely used files in iCloud and removing unnecessary files, such as old installers and duplicate downloads. - Auto Unlock: Users with an Apple Watch can unlock their Mac automatically when in proximity, eliminating the need for password entry. - Apple Pay on the Web: Safari users can make secure online purchases using Apple Pay, with authentication via iPhone or Apple Watch. - Photos App Improvements: The Photos app introduced the "Memories" feature, which automatically creates curated collections of photos and videos, and enhanced facial and object recognition capabilities. Primary Value and User Solutions: macOS Sierra aimed to create a more cohesive and efficient ecosystem for Apple users by integrating features that promote seamless interaction between devices. The introduction of Siri provided hands-free control and assistance, while Universal Clipboard and iCloud Drive enhancements facilitated effortless file sharing and access. Optimized Storage addressed common issues related to disk space management, and Auto Unlock offered a convenient and secure method for accessing the Mac. Collectively, these features enhanced productivity, security, and user convenience across the Apple ecosystem. **Average Rating:** 4.5/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 442 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.8/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 9.3/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.9/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.8/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Apple](https://www.g2.com/sellers/apple) - **Year Founded:** 1976 - **HQ Location:** Cupertino, CA - **Twitter:** @Apple (9,923,208 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/162479/ (180,534 employees on LinkedIn®) - **Ownership:** NASDAQ:AAPL **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** Software Engineer, Owner - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 51% Small-Business, 27% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - User-Friendly (26 reviews) - Speed/Performance (23 reviews) - User Interface (19 reviews) - Ease of Use (18 reviews) - Design Aesthetics (17 reviews) **Cons:** - Compatibility Issues (13 reviews) - Apple Limitations (11 reviews) - Performance Issues (8 reviews) - Usage Difficulty (8 reviews) - Limited Apps/Store (7 reviews) ### 7. [Red Hat Enterprise Linux](https://www.g2.com/products/red-hat-enterprise-linux/reviews) Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is a enterprise operating system designed to provide a secure, stable, and high-performance environment for modern IT infrastructures. It supports a wide range of applications across physical, virtual, and cloud environments, making it a versatile choice for businesses of all sizes. Key Features and Functionality: - Security: RHEL offers live kernel patching, security profiles, and adheres to security standards certifications, ensuring a robust defense against vulnerabilities. - Consistent Lifecycle: The operating system follows a predictable lifecycle with three phases: full support, maintenance support, and an extended life phase, providing long-term stability and planning capabilities. - Cloud Integration: RHEL is optimized for cloud environments and collaborates with major cloud providers like AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud, facilitating seamless workload migration and management. - Developer Access: Red Hat provides developers with free access to RHEL through the "Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Business Developers" platform, allowing up to 25 instances for development purposes. Primary Value and Solutions: RHEL addresses the need for a reliable and secure operating system that can handle diverse workloads across various environments. Its comprehensive security features mitigate risks, while the consistent lifecycle ensures long-term support and stability. The integration with leading cloud providers simplifies cloud adoption and management, and the provision of free developer access fosters innovation and accelerates application development. Overall, RHEL empowers organizations to build, deploy, and manage applications efficiently, aligning with business demands for production-readiness and operational excellence. **Average Rating:** 4.6/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 917 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.9/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 8.4/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.8/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.5/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Red Hat](https://www.g2.com/sellers/red-hat) - **Year Founded:** 1993 - **HQ Location:** Raleigh, NC - **Twitter:** @RedHat (299,330 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/3545/ (19,305 employees on LinkedIn®) **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** Software Engineer, System Engineer - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 50% Enterprise, 29% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Stability (58 reviews) - Security (57 reviews) - Reliability (52 reviews) - Customer Support (48 reviews) - Ease of Use (43 reviews) **Cons:** - High Cost (33 reviews) - Expensive (21 reviews) - Subscription Issues (15 reviews) - Usage Difficulty (15 reviews) - Outdated Software (14 reviews) ### 8. [Windows 7](https://www.g2.com/products/windows-7/reviews) Windows 7, released by Microsoft in October 2009, is a desktop operating system designed to enhance user experience and system performance. Building upon its predecessor, Windows Vista, it introduced a more intuitive interface and improved functionality, catering to both home and business users. Key Features and Functionality: - Redesigned Taskbar: The new taskbar allows users to pin applications for quick access and provides live previews of open windows, streamlining navigation. - Aero Snap and Aero Shake: These window management features enable users to easily organize open windows by snapping them to screen edges or minimizing all but the active window with a simple shake gesture. - HomeGroup: Simplifies home networking by allowing users to share files and printers across multiple PCs effortlessly. - Libraries: Aggregates files from various locations into unified views, making it easier to manage documents, music, pictures, and videos. - Improved Performance: Optimized for faster boot times and efficient resource management, Windows 7 delivers a more responsive computing experience. - Enhanced Security: Features like the Action Center provide a centralized location for security and maintenance notifications, while User Account Control (UAC) has been refined to be less intrusive. Primary Value and User Solutions: Windows 7 addresses the shortcomings of previous operating systems by offering a more stable and user-friendly environment. Its enhanced performance and intuitive features reduce system crashes and improve productivity. The streamlined interface and advanced window management tools allow users to multitask more effectively. Additionally, improved networking capabilities simplify the sharing of resources among multiple devices, making it an ideal solution for both personal and professional use. **Average Rating:** 4.2/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 861 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.7/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 9.1/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 7.9/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.9/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Microsoft](https://www.g2.com/sellers/microsoft) - **Year Founded:** 1975 - **HQ Location:** Redmond, Washington - **Twitter:** @microsoft (13,090,464 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/microsoft/ (227,697 employees on LinkedIn®) - **Ownership:** MSFT **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** Software Engineer, Senior Software Engineer - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 34% Small-Business, 33% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - User-Friendly (17 reviews) - Ease of Use (14 reviews) - Speed/Performance (13 reviews) - Stability (12 reviews) - User Interface (12 reviews) **Cons:** - Outdated Technology (13 reviews) - Security Issues (11 reviews) - Slow Updates (9 reviews) - Lack of Support (7 reviews) - Compatibility Issues (6 reviews) ### 9. [Apple OS X El Capitan](https://www.g2.com/products/apple-os-x-el-capitan/reviews) OS X El Capitan, version 10.11 of Apple's Mac operating system, was released on September 30, 2015. Named after the iconic rock formation in Yosemite National Park, this update focused on enhancing performance, stability, and security. It introduced features like Split View for multitasking, a redesigned Mission Control for better window management, and the Metal graphics API for improved graphics performance. El Capitan also brought refinements to built-in apps such as Safari, Mail, and Notes, and introduced the San Francisco system font for improved readability. Key Features and Functionality: - Split View: Allows users to work with two applications side by side in full-screen mode, enhancing multitasking capabilities. - Mission Control: Offers a streamlined view of all open windows and spaces, making it easier to organize and switch between tasks. - Metal Graphics API: Provides developers with a more efficient way to harness the GPU, resulting in faster and more responsive graphics performance. - Enhanced Built-in Apps: Improvements to Safari include Pinned Sites and a mute button for tabs; Mail introduces swipe gestures and improved full-screen support; Notes supports checklists, inline previews, and rich text formatting. - San Francisco Font: A new system font designed for better legibility and consistency across Apple devices. Primary Value and User Solutions: OS X El Capitan aimed to refine the Mac user experience by improving system performance and introducing features that enhance productivity. The addition of Split View and an improved Mission Control facilitated more efficient multitasking, while the Metal API provided a foundation for more powerful graphics applications. Enhancements to native apps and the introduction of the San Francisco font contributed to a more cohesive and user-friendly interface, addressing user needs for both functionality and aesthetics. **Average Rating:** 4.4/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 252 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.1/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 9.3/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.4/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.3/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Apple](https://www.g2.com/sellers/apple) - **Year Founded:** 1976 - **HQ Location:** Cupertino, CA - **Twitter:** @Apple (9,923,208 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/162479/ (180,534 employees on LinkedIn®) - **Ownership:** NASDAQ:AAPL **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** Software Engineer, Owner - **Top Industries:** Computer Software, Information Technology and Services - **Company Size:** 51% Small-Business, 25% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Stability (4 reviews) - Speed/Performance (3 reviews) - Ease of Use (2 reviews) - App Ecosystem (1 reviews) - Compatibility (1 reviews) **Cons:** - Slow Updates (3 reviews) - App Incompatibility (1 reviews) - Apple Limitations (1 reviews) - Compatibility Issues (1 reviews) - Hardware Limitations (1 reviews) ### 10. [IBM i](https://www.g2.com/products/ibm-ibm-i/reviews) IBM i is a fully integrated operating system designed for IBM Power servers, combining database, middleware, security, runtime, and hypervisor into a single, cohesive solution. This integration simplifies system management, reduces total cost of ownership (TCO), and enhances operational efficiency. IBM i supports a wide range of business applications and offers flexible deployment options, including on-premises, private cloud, and public cloud environments. Key Features and Functionality: - Full Stack Integration: IBM i integrates all essential components—database, middleware, security, runtime, and hypervisor—into one seamless system, streamlining operations and reducing complexity. - Object-Based Architecture: The system's object-based design ensures that programs cannot disguise themselves as other types, enhancing security by protecting against viruses and unauthorized access. - Subscription Term Licensing: Offers predictable and consistent payment options, combining software licenses and support into a single annual subscription, facilitating easier budget planning and ensuring technology remains current. - Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Integrated MFA in IBM i 7.6 enhances security by requiring multiple forms of verification for system and application access, reducing reliance on third-party tools. - Autonomous Systems Management: Features autonomous capabilities that minimize administrative overhead, allowing system administrators to monitor and manage licenses efficiently through Navigator for i. - Cloud Deployment Options: Supports flexible deployment across on-premises and various cloud environments, including IBM Power Virtual Server, ensuring a consistent user experience in hybrid cloud setups. Primary Value and User Solutions: IBM i delivers significant value by reducing operational costs through its integrated design, which eliminates the need for multiple support contracts and simplifies system management. Its robust security features, including object-based architecture and built-in MFA, protect business-critical applications from threats. The flexible licensing model and deployment options allow businesses to adapt to changing needs, whether scaling operations or transitioning to cloud environments. By modernizing application development with industry-standard tools, IBM i helps organizations bridge skill gaps and boost productivity, ensuring they remain competitive in a rapidly evolving technological landscape. **Average Rating:** 4.4/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 54 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.4/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 8.5/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.3/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.6/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [IBM](https://www.g2.com/sellers/ibm) - **Year Founded:** 1911 - **HQ Location:** Armonk, NY - **Twitter:** @IBM (708,000 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/1009/ (324,553 employees on LinkedIn®) - **Ownership:** SWX:IBM **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 38% Mid-Market, 38% Enterprise #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Reliability (8 reviews) - Security Features (4 reviews) - Security/Safety (4 reviews) - Stability (4 reviews) - Ease of Use (3 reviews) **Cons:** - Skill Requirements (6 reviews) - Outdated Technology (4 reviews) - High Cost (3 reviews) - Unfriendly Interface (3 reviews) - Poor UI/UX (2 reviews) ### 11. [Apple OS X Mountain Lion](https://www.g2.com/products/apple-os-x-mountain-lion/reviews) OS X Mountain Lion, version 10.8, is the ninth major release of Apple's desktop operating system for Macintosh computers, launched on July 25, 2012. This release introduced over 200 new features, many inspired by iOS, to enhance user experience and system functionality. Key Features and Functionality: - iCloud Integration: Seamless synchronization of Mail, Contacts, Calendar, Messages, Reminders, Notes, and iWork documents across all Apple devices. - Messages App: Replaces iChat, bringing iMessage to the Mac, allowing users to send messages to anyone with an iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, or another Mac. - Notification Center: Provides a unified view of alerts from Mail, Calendar, Messages, Reminders, system updates, and third-party apps. - System-wide Sharing: Enables easy sharing of links, photos, videos, and other files without switching apps, with integrated support for services like Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, and Vimeo. - Facebook Integration: Allows posting of photos, links, and comments directly from apps, adds Facebook friends to Contacts, and enables status updates from Notification Center. - Dictation: System-wide voice input mechanism that converts speech to text, requiring an internet connection. - AirPlay Mirroring: Wirelessly mirrors the Mac's screen to an Apple TV, facilitating presentations and media sharing. - Game Center: Brings the iOS gaming network to Mac, allowing users to play and share games with friends. - Gatekeeper: A security feature that helps protect the Mac from malicious software by allowing users to control which apps can be installed. Primary Value and User Solutions: OS X Mountain Lion enhances the Mac experience by integrating features familiar to iOS users, promoting a cohesive ecosystem across Apple devices. The deep iCloud integration ensures that users' data remains consistent and accessible, while features like Notification Center and system-wide sharing streamline daily tasks. Security is bolstered with Gatekeeper, and productivity is enhanced through tools like Dictation and AirPlay Mirroring. Overall, Mountain Lion offers a more connected, secure, and user-friendly environment for Mac users. **Average Rating:** 4.2/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 211 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.6/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 9.0/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.3/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.8/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Apple](https://www.g2.com/sellers/apple) - **Year Founded:** 1976 - **HQ Location:** Cupertino, CA - **Twitter:** @Apple (9,923,208 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/162479/ (180,534 employees on LinkedIn®) - **Ownership:** NASDAQ:AAPL **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** Software Engineer - **Top Industries:** Computer Software, Information Technology and Services - **Company Size:** 44% Small-Business, 30% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Ease of Use (6 reviews) - Speed/Performance (5 reviews) - New Features (4 reviews) - User-Friendly (4 reviews) - Compatibility (2 reviews) **Cons:** - Compatibility Issues (4 reviews) - Installation Difficulties (2 reviews) - Limited Apps/Store (2 reviews) - OS Incompatibility (2 reviews) - Performance Issues (2 reviews) ### 12. [Apple OS X Mavericks](https://www.g2.com/products/apple-os-x-mavericks/reviews) OS X Mavericks, version 10.9, is the tenth major release of Apple's desktop operating system for Macintosh computers. Announced on June 10, 2013, and released on October 22, 2013, Mavericks introduced over 200 new features aimed at enhancing performance, efficiency, and user experience. Notably, it was the first OS X version offered as a free upgrade, emphasizing Apple's commitment to providing the latest advancements to all Mac users. Key Features and Functionality: - iBooks and Maps Integration: Mavericks brought iBooks to the Mac, allowing users to access their library and purchase new titles directly from their desktop. The Maps application provided powerful mapping technology, enabling users to plan trips and send directions to their iPhone for seamless navigation. - Enhanced Finder: The Finder received significant improvements, including the addition of tabs to reduce desktop clutter and tags for better file organization and retrieval. - Improved Multi-Display Support: Users could now work more efficiently across multiple displays, with each screen having its own menu bar and Dock, and the ability to run full-screen applications independently on each display. - Safari Enhancements: The updated Safari browser featured improved performance, energy efficiency, and a new sidebar that consolidated links shared by friends on social media platforms. - iCloud Keychain: This feature securely stored and synchronized passwords, credit card information, and Wi-Fi credentials across trusted devices, simplifying the management of sensitive information. - Advanced Power Management: Technologies like Timer Coalescing and App Nap reduced CPU activity and power consumption, leading to extended battery life and improved system responsiveness. Primary Value and User Solutions: OS X Mavericks addressed several user needs by enhancing system performance, extending battery life, and introducing features that improved productivity and organization. The integration of iOS applications like iBooks and Maps bridged the gap between mobile and desktop experiences, providing a cohesive ecosystem. Enhanced multi-display support and Finder improvements catered to power users requiring efficient workflows. Additionally, the introduction of iCloud Keychain and advanced power management technologies offered users a more secure and energy-efficient computing environment. **Average Rating:** 4.2/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 78 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 9.2/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 9.0/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.7/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.8/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Apple](https://www.g2.com/sellers/apple) - **Year Founded:** 1976 - **HQ Location:** Cupertino, CA - **Twitter:** @Apple (9,923,208 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/162479/ (180,534 employees on LinkedIn®) - **Ownership:** NASDAQ:AAPL **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 52% Small-Business, 28% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Speed/Performance (8 reviews) - New Features (5 reviews) - User-Friendly (5 reviews) - Stability (4 reviews) - Design Aesthetics (3 reviews) **Cons:** - Limited Apps/Store (6 reviews) - Security Issues (4 reviews) - App Incompatibility (3 reviews) - Apple Limitations (3 reviews) - Compatibility Issues (3 reviews) ### 13. [Oracle Linux](https://www.g2.com/products/oracle-linux/reviews) A highly performant and secure operating environment, Oracle Linux delivers virtualization, management, automation, and cloud native computing tools, along with the operating system, in a single, easy-to-manage support offering. Oracle Linux provides a 100% application binary compatible alternative to Red Hat Enterprise Linux and CentOS Linux and is supported across both hybrid and multicloud environments. **Average Rating:** 4.4/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 320 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.5/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 8.5/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.3/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.5/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Oracle](https://www.g2.com/sellers/oracle) - **Year Founded:** 1977 - **HQ Location:** Austin, TX - **Twitter:** @Oracle (826,383 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/1028/ (199,301 employees on LinkedIn®) - **Ownership:** NYSE:ORCL **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** DevOps Engineer, Senior Software Engineer - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 48% Enterprise, 30% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Stability (14 reviews) - RHEL Compatibility (13 reviews) - Regular Updates (9 reviews) - Compatibility (8 reviews) - Reliability (8 reviews) **Cons:** - Lack of Support (15 reviews) - High Cost (8 reviews) - Limited Software (8 reviews) - Poor UI/UX (4 reviews) - Slow Updates (4 reviews) ### 14. [Apple OS X Yosemite](https://www.g2.com/products/apple-os-x-yosemite/reviews) OS X Yosemite, released in October 2014, is the eleventh major version of Apple's desktop operating system for Mac computers. This update introduced a comprehensive redesign, aligning the Mac interface more closely with the aesthetics of iOS, featuring a flatter, more modern look with translucent elements and a refreshed color palette. Yosemite also emphasized enhanced integration between Mac and iOS devices, offering users a more seamless and connected experience across their Apple products. Key Features and Functionality: - Redesigned User Interface: Yosemite introduced a flatter, more modern design with translucent elements and a refreshed color palette, aligning the Mac interface more closely with iOS aesthetics. - Continuity: This suite of features enhances integration between Mac and iOS devices. Handoff allows users to start tasks on one device and continue them on another, while Instant Hotspot enables easy tethering to an iPhone's internet connection. - Phone and SMS Integration: Users can make and receive iPhone calls and send SMS messages directly from their Mac, provided both devices are connected to the same Wi-Fi network. - AirDrop Between Mac and iOS: Yosemite enables file sharing between Mac and iOS devices using AirDrop, facilitating quick and easy transfers without the need for cables or external drives. - Enhanced Spotlight Search: Spotlight received significant improvements, offering a more prominent search bar and the ability to pull in results from various sources, including Wikipedia, Maps, and news, providing a more comprehensive search experience. - Updated Native Applications: Core apps like Safari, Mail, and Messages were updated with new features and improved performance. For instance, Safari introduced a new tab view and improved sharing options, while Mail added functionalities like Mail Drop for sending large attachments. Primary Value and User Solutions: OS X Yosemite's primary value lies in its enhanced continuity and integration features, bridging the gap between Mac and iOS devices. By enabling seamless transitions between devices, users can maintain productivity without interruption, whether they're composing emails, browsing the web, or managing files. The redesigned interface offers a more intuitive and visually appealing experience, while the updated native applications and improved search capabilities streamline daily tasks. Overall, Yosemite addresses the need for a cohesive and interconnected ecosystem, enhancing user efficiency and satisfaction across Apple's hardware and software platforms. **Average Rating:** 4.5/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 84 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.8/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 9.2/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 9.0/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 9.3/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Apple](https://www.g2.com/sellers/apple) - **Year Founded:** 1976 - **HQ Location:** Cupertino, CA - **Twitter:** @Apple (9,923,208 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/162479/ (180,534 employees on LinkedIn®) - **Ownership:** NASDAQ:AAPL **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 61% Small-Business, 22% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Design Aesthetics (4 reviews) - Ease of Use (4 reviews) - User-Friendly (4 reviews) - Easy Installation (2 reviews) - App Ecosystem (1 reviews) **Cons:** - Performance Issues (2 reviews) - App Incompatibility (1 reviews) - Compatibility Issues (1 reviews) - Hardware Limitations (1 reviews) - Limited Customization (1 reviews) ### 15. [Oracle Solaris](https://www.g2.com/products/oracle-solaris/reviews) Oracle Solaris 11 is a robust, enterprise-grade UNIX operating system engineered to deliver consistent compatibility, simplicity, and security for mission-critical applications. Designed over two decades, it ensures backward compatibility, allowing both modern and legacy applications to run seamlessly on contemporary infrastructure. Key Features and Functionality: - Consistent Compatibility: The Application Binary Guarantee ensures that existing applications operate without modification on the latest hardware, protecting software investments. - Simplified Management: Integrated lifecycle management technologies enable comprehensive system updates with a single command, covering firmware and virtualized environments. Enhanced observability tools provide real-time and historical insights, facilitating efficient troubleshooting. - Advanced Security: Oracle Solaris offers end-to-end security, from hypervisor to application. Features like Silicon Secured Memory prevent common security attacks, and one-step, multi-node compliance reporting streamlines auditing processes. - Built-in Virtualization: The operating system includes low-overhead virtualization capabilities, such as Solaris Zones, allowing for efficient resource utilization and isolation of workloads. - Scalable Data Management: With ZFS as the default file system, Oracle Solaris provides advanced storage features like built-in deduplication, encryption, and thin provisioning, ensuring data integrity and efficient storage management. Primary Value and Solutions Provided: Oracle Solaris 11 addresses the critical needs of enterprises by offering a stable and secure platform that simplifies system management and enhances performance. Its backward compatibility protects existing software investments, while integrated virtualization and data management capabilities support efficient and scalable cloud deployments. The comprehensive security features ensure that systems remain protected against evolving threats, making it an ideal choice for organizations seeking a reliable and future-proof operating environment. **Average Rating:** 4.2/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 88 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 7.9/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 8.1/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.2/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.3/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Oracle](https://www.g2.com/sellers/oracle) - **Year Founded:** 1977 - **HQ Location:** Austin, TX - **Twitter:** @Oracle (826,383 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/1028/ (199,301 employees on LinkedIn®) - **Ownership:** NYSE:ORCL **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** Software Engineer - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 46% Enterprise, 33% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Reliability (6 reviews) - Powerful Features (5 reviews) - Stability (5 reviews) - Security/Safety (4 reviews) - Speed/Performance (3 reviews) **Cons:** - High Cost (5 reviews) - Compatibility Issues (3 reviews) - Installation Difficulties (2 reviews) - Lack of Support (2 reviews) - Apple Limitations (1 reviews) ### 16. [IBM AIX](https://www.g2.com/products/ibm-ibm-aix/reviews) IBM AIX is a robust and secure UNIX operating system designed for IBM Power Systems, offering a scalable and cost-effective platform for mission-critical workloads in regulated environments. With a history dating back to 1986, AIX has evolved to provide 99.9999% uptime, hybrid cloud integration, and AI-ready performance, enabling organizations to modernize infrastructure, reduce risk, and streamline operations. Built for long-term return on investment, AIX supports both legacy and cloud-native applications through automation, live migration, and enterprise-grade security, allowing businesses to transform confidently at their own pace. Key Features and Functionality: - Integrated Security & Compliance: AIX includes built-in encryption, secure boot, and PowerSC policy enforcement to protect data across hybrid environments and simplify compliance in regulated industries. - Intelligent Resource Management: Features like micro-partitioning, dynamic allocation, and multi-threading optimize CPU, memory, and I/O resources, reducing IT costs and improving sustainability. - High Availability Architecture: With Live Partition Mobility and deep hardware-software integration, AIX delivers 99.9999% uptime, ensuring uninterrupted performance for mission-critical workloads. - Hybrid Cloud & AI Integration: AIX supports containerized, cloud-native, and AI workloads with seamless integration into IBM Cloud, Red Hat OpenShift, and modern automation frameworks. Primary Value and Solutions Provided: IBM AIX addresses the needs of organizations requiring a secure, reliable, and scalable operating system for their critical applications. By offering advanced security features, efficient resource management, and high availability, AIX helps businesses minimize downtime, comply with regulatory requirements, and optimize operational costs. Its support for hybrid cloud and AI workloads enables enterprises to innovate and modernize their IT infrastructure, ensuring they remain competitive in a rapidly evolving technological landscape. **Average Rating:** 4.4/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 62 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.6/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 8.5/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 9.2/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.3/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [IBM](https://www.g2.com/sellers/ibm) - **Year Founded:** 1911 - **HQ Location:** Armonk, NY - **Twitter:** @IBM (708,000 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/1009/ (324,553 employees on LinkedIn®) - **Ownership:** SWX:IBM **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Banking - **Company Size:** 61% Enterprise, 26% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Security/Safety (6 reviews) - Stability (5 reviews) - Speed/Performance (4 reviews) - Reliability (3 reviews) - Long-Term Support (2 reviews) **Cons:** - High Cost (5 reviews) - Skill Requirements (4 reviews) - Apple Limitations (1 reviews) - Integration Issues (1 reviews) - Limited Apps/Store (1 reviews) ### 17. [Debian](https://www.g2.com/products/debian/reviews) Debian is a free and open-source operating system developed collaboratively by a global community of volunteers. Established in 1993, it has become one of the most popular and influential Linux distributions, known for its stability, security, and extensive software repositories. Debian serves as the foundation for numerous other distributions, including Ubuntu and Linux Mint, and is widely used on both servers and desktops. Key Features and Functionality: - Extensive Software Repository: Debian offers access to over 59,000 software packages, providing users with a vast selection of applications and tools to meet diverse needs. - Multi-Architecture Support: It supports a wide range of hardware architectures, from common x86-64 systems to ARM-based devices and IBM mainframes, ensuring broad compatibility. - Advanced Package Management: Debian utilizes the Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) for efficient package management, simplifying the installation, upgrade, and removal of software. - Security and Stability: With a strong focus on security, Debian provides timely updates and a robust security infrastructure, making it a reliable choice for critical systems. - Community-Driven Development: The Debian Project is governed by a social contract and constitution, emphasizing transparency, collaboration, and adherence to free software principles. Primary Value and User Solutions: Debian addresses the needs of users seeking a dependable and versatile operating system that upholds the ideals of free software. Its comprehensive package repository and support for multiple architectures make it suitable for a wide array of applications, from personal computing to enterprise servers. The community-driven approach ensures continuous improvement and responsiveness to user needs, while its commitment to security and stability provides a trustworthy platform for both developers and end-users. **Average Rating:** 4.6/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 200 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.9/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 8.5/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.4/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.9/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Debian Project](https://www.g2.com/sellers/debian-project-ff8bf7d8-2aad-4d1d-adf7-4a9b2fc50c1e) - **Year Founded:** 1993 - **HQ Location:** Indiana, United States - **Twitter:** @debian (277,905 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/debian/ (488 employees on LinkedIn®) **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** Software Engineer - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 47% Small-Business, 30% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Ease of Use (20 reviews) - Reliability (16 reviews) - Stability (16 reviews) - Open Source (11 reviews) - Security (9 reviews) **Cons:** - Outdated Technology (9 reviews) - Lack of Features (8 reviews) - Difficult Setup (7 reviews) - Driver Issues (5 reviews) - Outdated Interface (4 reviews) ### 18. [FortiOS](https://www.g2.com/products/fortios/reviews) FortiOS is Fortinet's proprietary operating system that serves as the foundation of the Fortinet Security Fabric, delivering integrated security and networking capabilities across various environments, including on-premises, cloud, hybrid, and converging IT/OT/IoT infrastructures. By enabling the convergence of security and networking, FortiOS helps close security gaps and simplifies management, ensuring consistent user experiences and unified security policies. Key Features and Functionality: - Unified Operating System: FortiOS provides consistent security policies and enforcement across the entire network. - Centralized Management Platform: FortiManager simplifies security management, offering comprehensive network visibility and control. - Integrated Endpoint Protection: FortiClient delivers telemetry, visibility, control, and protection for endpoints. - Unified Data Platform: Streamlines threat detection, investigation, and response, facilitating faster decision-making. - Quantum-Safe Encryption: Enables quantum-resistant cryptography to protect against future quantum threats. - AI-Powered Security: FortiAI assists NOC and SOC teams with quicker decision-making and more efficient operations. - Managed Services: Offers management services to alleviate the burden on NOC and SOC teams, addressing the cybersecurity skills gap. - Enhanced Data Protection: Ensures sensitive information remains secure across hybrid networks. - Advanced Intrusion Prevention System (IPS): Utilizes AI/ML-powered IPS engine to detect and stop sophisticated threats proactively. Primary Value and Solutions Provided: FortiOS addresses the challenges of managing complex and diverse network environments by integrating security and networking functions into a single, cohesive platform. This integration reduces complexity, enhances security posture, and improves operational efficiency. By offering a unified operating system with centralized management, FortiOS enables organizations to enforce consistent security policies, gain comprehensive visibility, and respond swiftly to threats. The inclusion of AI-driven capabilities and quantum-safe encryption ensures that organizations are equipped to handle both current and emerging security challenges effectively. **Average Rating:** 4.4/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 40 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.9/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 8.4/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.7/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 9.0/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Fortinet](https://www.g2.com/sellers/fortinet) - **Year Founded:** 2000 - **HQ Location:** Sunnyvale, CA - **Twitter:** @Fortinet (151,247 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/6460/ (16,112 employees on LinkedIn®) - **Ownership:** NASDAQ: FTNT **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer & Network Security - **Company Size:** 69% Mid-Market, 17% Small-Business #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Ease of Use (8 reviews) - Easy Management (4 reviews) - Security Features (4 reviews) - Security/Safety (4 reviews) - User-Friendly (4 reviews) **Cons:** - Unfriendly Interface (3 reviews) - Command Line (2 reviews) - Integration Issues (2 reviews) - Security Issues (2 reviews) - High Cost (1 reviews) ### 19. [Wind River Linux](https://www.g2.com/products/wind-river-linux/reviews) Wind River Linux is a purpose-built, Yocto Project–based embedded Linux platform designed to enable the development and deployment of robust, reliable, and secure edge devices and systems. It offers over a decade of support, proactive monitoring for Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs), and eliminates per-device fees, allowing developers to focus on innovation without the complexities of maintaining an in-house Linux distribution. Key Features and Functionality: - Long-Term Support & Maintenance: Provides more than 10 years of CVE monitoring, daily testing, and board support packages (BSPs) to ensure system reliability and security. - Hardware-Independent BSP Support: Offers pre-validated BSPs compatible with leading hardware platforms, including AMD, Intel, NXP, and Nvidia, facilitating seamless hardware integration. - Built-In Security & Compliance: Features proactive CVE mitigation, software bill of materials (SBOM), export artifacts, and a secure development lifecycle (SDL) to maintain compliance and security standards. - Yocto Project Leadership: As a founding and platinum member of the Yocto Project, Wind River contributes significantly to the open-source community, ensuring that Wind River Linux remains at the forefront of embedded Linux development. Primary Value and Solutions Provided: Wind River Linux addresses the challenges of developing and maintaining embedded Linux systems by offering a commercially supported, customizable platform that reduces development effort and risk. It ensures that codebases are up-to-date, defects are promptly addressed, and security patches are applied, all while adhering to strict market specifications and certifications. This comprehensive support allows organizations to focus on their core competencies, accelerate time-to-market, and reduce the total cost of ownership for their embedded and IoT devices. **Average Rating:** 4.5/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 26 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 9.4/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 9.0/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 9.0/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 9.7/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Wind River](https://www.g2.com/sellers/wind-river) - **Year Founded:** 1981 - **HQ Location:** United States - **Twitter:** @WindRiver (7,832 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/3982/ (2,426 employees on LinkedIn®) **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Top Industries:** Computer Software - **Company Size:** 46% Small-Business, 31% Enterprise #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Long-Term Support (1 reviews) - Regular Updates (1 reviews) - Stability (1 reviews) **Cons:** - High Cost (3 reviews) - Limited Customization (1 reviews) - Usage Difficulty (1 reviews) ### 20. [Windows Server](https://www.g2.com/products/tidal-media-inc-windows-server/reviews) Windows Server is a comprehensive operating system designed to meet the needs of businesses by providing a robust platform for managing applications, networks, and web services. It seamlessly integrates on-premises environments with Azure, enhancing security and facilitating the modernization of applications and infrastructure. Key Features and Functionality: - Multilayered Security: Windows Server offers advanced identity protection through Active Directory, virtualization-based security with Hyper-V, and secure networking features like TLS 1.3 encryption and SMB over QUIC. - Hybrid Cloud Integration: With Azure Arc, Windows Server enables seamless management across on-premises and cloud environments, providing deployment flexibility and unified management. - Scalability and Performance: The system supports large-scale virtualization with Hyper-V, accommodating up to 240 TB of RAM and 2,048 virtual processors per virtual machine, making it suitable for demanding workloads. - Container Support: Windows Server facilitates the development, deployment, and management of containers, allowing for efficient application modernization using containers and microservices. Primary Value and Solutions: Windows Server addresses critical business needs by offering a secure, scalable, and flexible infrastructure. It enhances productivity through hybrid operations, allowing applications running on-premises to leverage cloud innovations such as Artificial Intelligence and IoT. The system's advanced security features protect data and applications from evolving threats, while its scalability supports the growth and performance demands of modern businesses. By integrating with Azure, Windows Server enables organizations to bridge their on-premises environments with cloud services, facilitating a smooth transition to hybrid cloud solutions. **Average Rating:** 4.5/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 219 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.9/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 9.2/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.6/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 9.1/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Tidal Media Inc](https://www.g2.com/sellers/tidal-media-inc) - **HQ Location:** N/A - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/No-Linkedin-Presence-Added-Intentionally-By-DataOps (1 employees on LinkedIn®) **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** System Administrator - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer & Network Security - **Company Size:** 40% Mid-Market, 29% Enterprise #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Reliability (16 reviews) - Compatibility (15 reviews) - Security/Safety (12 reviews) - User-Friendly (12 reviews) - Ease of Use (11 reviews) **Cons:** - High Cost (23 reviews) - System Restart (9 reviews) - Skill Requirements (8 reviews) - Time-Consuming (8 reviews) - Update Frequency (8 reviews) ### 21. [AlmaLinux OS](https://www.g2.com/products/almalinux-os/reviews) AlmaLinux OS is an enterprise Linux operating system used across the globe by enterprises, supercomputers, and hobbyists alike, but it’s guided and built by the community. We were the first downstream RHEL clone to be released after the announcement by Red Hat that support for CentOS Linux was ending, and we shifted to maintaining RHEL compatibility in the wake of Red Hat’s announcement in June that they would no longer be releasing their SRPMs. Our goal is to provide a stable, long-term option for folks who have historically used CentOS Linux, and for whom CentOS Stream is not an option. The AlmaLinux OS Foundation is a 501(c)(6) non-profit created to own everything to do with AlmaLinux, and for the benefit of the AlmaLinux OS community. **Average Rating:** 4.6/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 20 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 10.0/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 9.6/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.9/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 9.7/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [AlmaLinux OS Foundation](https://www.g2.com/sellers/almalinux-os-foundation-1f01d427-920a-41fb-a834-7951a888d101) - **Year Founded:** 2021 - **HQ Location:** Estero, Florida - **Twitter:** @almalinux (11,812 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/almalinuxos (26 employees on LinkedIn®) **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Company Size:** 40% Mid-Market, 25% Small-Business #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - RHEL Compatibility (5 reviews) - Regular Updates (4 reviews) - Compatibility (3 reviews) - Easy Setup (3 reviews) - Reliability (3 reviews) **Cons:** - Skill Requirements (2 reviews) - Usage Difficulty (2 reviews) - Cloud Limitations (1 reviews) - Command Line (1 reviews) - Compatibility Issues (1 reviews) ### 22. [openSUSE Leap](https://www.g2.com/products/opensuse/reviews) The openSUSE Project is a worldwide effort that promotes the use of free and open source software wherever possible, and well known for its GNU/Linux based operating systems. openSUSE Leap is the keystone community distribution that offers unmatched choice by being binary-compatible with the commercially-available SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE). openSUSE Leap combines SLE quality with the amazing ecosystem of openSUSE, which offers thousands of additional community-maintained software packages. **Average Rating:** 4.3/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 36 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.3/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 8.3/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 7.8/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.5/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [SUSE](https://www.g2.com/sellers/suse) - **Year Founded:** 1992 - **HQ Location:** Nürnberg, DE - **Twitter:** @SUSE (64,545 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/1455/ (2,712 employees on LinkedIn®) **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 41% Small-Business, 30% Enterprise #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Ease of Use (2 reviews) - Speed/Performance (2 reviews) - Easy Installation (1 reviews) - Easy Setup (1 reviews) - Free/No Cost (1 reviews) **Cons:** - Command Line (1 reviews) - Outdated Technology (1 reviews) - Skill Requirements (1 reviews) - Slow Updates (1 reviews) ### 23. [Windows 8](https://www.g2.com/products/windows-8/reviews) Windows 8 is an operating system developed by Microsoft, released in October 2012, designed to provide a modern and dynamic user experience across various devices, including desktops, laptops, and tablets. It introduced a new user interface with live tiles, offering real-time updates and a more interactive experience. The system also featured the Windows Store, enabling users to download and install a wide range of applications. Key Features and Functionality: - Modern User Interface: Incorporates live tiles that display real-time information, enhancing user engagement. - Windows Store: Provides access to a vast array of applications, facilitating easy download and installation. - Enhanced Connectivity: Improved networking technologies and power management for better connectivity and device availability. - Touch and Gesture Support: Optimized for touch-enabled devices, offering a more natural and intuitive user experience. - App Packaging and Deployment: Enables developers to produce, consume, or interact with app packages, streamlining the development process. Primary Value and User Solutions: Windows 8 aimed to bridge the gap between traditional computing and the growing demand for mobile and touch-enabled devices. By introducing a unified interface and enhancing app accessibility through the Windows Store, it provided users with a versatile platform suitable for both work and entertainment. The system's focus on connectivity and power efficiency addressed the needs of modern users seeking seamless integration across multiple devices. **Average Rating:** 3.7/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 538 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 7.3/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 7.6/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 7.6/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 7.6/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [Microsoft](https://www.g2.com/sellers/microsoft) - **Year Founded:** 1975 - **HQ Location:** Redmond, Washington - **Twitter:** @microsoft (13,090,464 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/microsoft/ (227,697 employees on LinkedIn®) - **Ownership:** MSFT **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** Software Engineer, Senior Software Engineer - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 44% Small-Business, 28% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Speed/Performance (20 reviews) - Ease of Use (15 reviews) - User-Friendly (13 reviews) - Touch Compatibility (11 reviews) - User Interface (9 reviews) **Cons:** - Unfriendly Interface (14 reviews) - Menu Issues (11 reviews) - Usage Difficulty (11 reviews) - Poor UI/UX (7 reviews) - Compatibility Issues (6 reviews) ### 24. [Kali Linux](https://www.g2.com/products/kali-linux/reviews) Desktop Kali Linux is a specialized Linux distribution designed for penetration testing and security auditing. This Kali Linux VM (configured by Techlatest.net) with GUI Desktop interface is pre-installed with 2500+ wide variety of security tools that can be used for ethical hacking, vulnerability assessment, and other security-related tasks and made available on the leading Cloud Marketplaces so you can quickly and easily spin up an instance and start using its powerful security tools. Key Features: - GUI Based : Desktop Interface for easy and intuitive user experience. - Pre-installed Security Tools : 2500+ Comprehensive set of security tools, including Nmap, Metasploit Framework, Wireshark, Aircrack-ng, John the Ripper, Hydra, Nikto, Burp Suite, Sqlmap, THC-Hydra, among others. - Easy Deployment : With Desktop Linux Kali available on the Cloud Marketplace, you can quickly spin up an instance of the operating system on Cloud Platforms with just a few clicks. - High Performance : Cloud Platforms provide a reliable and high-performance infrastructure for running Desktop Linux Kali, ensuring that your security testing and auditing tasks can be completed quickly and efficiently. - Secure : Cloud Platforms provide a secure infrastructure for running Desktop Linux Kali, with features such as encryption at rest and in transit, security key management, and DDoS protection. - Use Cases: Kali Linux is an ideal solution for security professionals, ethical hackers, and other individuals or organizations that need to perform security testing and auditing. Its pre-installed security tools and easy deployment on Cloud Platforms make it a powerful and convenient solution for testing the security of networks, web applications, and other systems. - Legal & Ethical Use: It is important to note that the security tools included in the VM should only be used for legal and ethical purposes. - Disclaimer : Other trademarks and trade names may be used in this document to refer to either the entities claiming the marks and/or names or their products and are the property of their respective owners. We disclaim proprietary interest in the marks and names of others. **Average Rating:** 4.6/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 223 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 8.8/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 8.2/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 8.2/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 8.6/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [OffSec](https://www.g2.com/sellers/offsec) - **Year Founded:** 2006 - **HQ Location:** New York, US - **Twitter:** @offsectraining (328,095 Twitter followers) - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/offensive-security/ (1,121 employees on LinkedIn®) **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** Software Engineer - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer & Network Security - **Company Size:** 51% Small-Business, 26% Mid-Market #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Powerful Features (37 reviews) - Security/Safety (19 reviews) - Community Support (17 reviews) - Customization/Personalization (17 reviews) - New Features (16 reviews) **Cons:** - Skill Requirements (22 reviews) - Usage Difficulty (15 reviews) - Driver Issues (9 reviews) - Hardware Limitations (7 reviews) - Performance Issues (7 reviews) ### 25. [Amazon Linux 2](https://www.g2.com/products/terracloudx-amazon-linux-2/reviews) Amazon Linux 2 is a Linux operating system developed by Amazon Web Services (AWS) to provide a secure, stable, and high-performance environment for cloud and enterprise applications. It is designed to integrate seamlessly with AWS services, offering a robust platform for developers and IT administrators. Amazon Linux 2 is available at no additional charge and includes long-term support with ongoing security and maintenance updates. Key Features and Functionality: - AWS Integration: Pre-installed packages and configurations facilitate tight integration with AWS services, simplifying the deployment and management of applications. - Long-Term Support: Provides five years of support, ensuring stability and predictability for enterprise applications. - Extras Repository: Offers access to the latest software packages through the Amazon Linux Extras repository, allowing users to install newer versions of popular software without compromising system stability. - On-Premises Use: Available as virtual machine images for VMware, Oracle VM VirtualBox, and Microsoft Hyper-V, enabling on-premises development and testing. - Systemd Support: Includes the systemd init system for efficient process management and service control. - Optimized Kernel and Toolchain: Features an LTS Kernel tuned for enhanced performance on Amazon EC2, along with updated compiler and build toolchain components. - Security Features: Implements default security measures such as limiting remote access, disabling remote root login, and reducing non-critical packages to minimize exposure to vulnerabilities. - Kernel Live Patching: Supports live patching of the Linux kernel, allowing critical and important security updates to be applied without rebooting or downtime. Primary Value and User Solutions: Amazon Linux 2 addresses the need for a secure, reliable, and high-performance operating system tailored for cloud environments. Its deep integration with AWS services streamlines application deployment and management, enhancing developer productivity. The long-term support and regular security updates provide peace of mind for enterprises, ensuring system stability and compliance. Additionally, the availability of virtual machine images for on-premises use allows for consistent development and testing environments, bridging the gap between local and cloud-based operations. **Average Rating:** 4.5/5.0 **Total Reviews:** 86 **User Satisfaction Scores:** - **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?:** 9.2/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Ease of Use:** 9.1/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) - **Quality of Support:** 9.1/10 (Category avg: 8.2/10) - **Ease of Admin:** 9.3/10 (Category avg: 8.5/10) **Seller Details:** - **Seller:** [terracloudx](https://www.g2.com/sellers/terracloudx) - **HQ Location:** N/A - **LinkedIn® Page:** https://www.linkedin.com/company/No-Linkedin-Presence-Added-Intentionally-By-DataOps (1 employees on LinkedIn®) **Reviewer Demographics:** - **Who Uses This:** DevOps Engineer, Software Engineer - **Top Industries:** Information Technology and Services, Computer Software - **Company Size:** 43% Small-Business, 31% Enterprise #### Pros & Cons **Pros:** - Speed/Performance (10 reviews) - Stability (7 reviews) - Regular Updates (5 reviews) - Cloud Computing (4 reviews) - Lightweight Size (4 reviews) **Cons:** - Limited Apps/Store (7 reviews) - Lack of Support (4 reviews) - Installation Difficulties (3 reviews) - Limited Software (3 reviews) - Apple Limitations (2 reviews) ## Parent Category [IT Infrastructure Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/it-infrastructure) --- ## Buyer Guide ### What You Should Know About Operating Systems ### What is an operating system? An operating system, or OS, manages a computer’s hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. The OS controls the computer's resources as the system interface between the hardware components and the user. Every computer system requires one OS to run several software programs.  Whether it is common tasks like [document creation](https://www.g2.com/categories/document-creation)and [browser software](https://www.g2.com/categories/browser) or highly specialized applications, numerous computer applications rely on operating systems as a foundation for storage and execution. The OS takes care of it, as these applications cannot directly interact with hardware. The majority of store-bought personal computers come with pre-installed modern operating systems. Mobile devices also have their form of OS (such as Android and iOS). In many cases, a user can install different OS software on top of the embedded systems already present within a computer.  Some of the main functions of OS platforms include memory management, device management, file management, security, error-detecting aids, and CPU management. OS also manages different device's file structures and regulates user access and control. ### What are the common features of an operating system? Operating systems offer a range of core features that users find highly beneficial, including: - **Software updates** : Regular updates ensure the operating system stays current with advancements, improvements, and security patches. These updates, from aesthetic enhancements to critical security fixes, showcase the developers' commitment to continuous support and improvement. - **Vendor support** : Modern OS offers streamlined vendor support through online communication channels. Users can easily connect with developers to offer feedback, address performance issues, or troubleshoot problems. Built-in support features, tutorials, and help articles provide a seamless support experience. - **Applications** : Operating systems have proprietary programs, from note-taking and media players to games and calculators. Such applications are often key for users when choosing an operating system, as they enhance the overall functionality and user experience. - **Permissions** : The permissions feature allows users to manage access to the system and maintain security and privacy on shared devices. It enables users to create multiple accounts on a single computer, delegate access to employees, and control file and program access.  - **Security** : Operating systems emphasize security as a paramount feature by acting as gatekeepers for files, data, and critical applications. OS platforms have built-in security offerings to identify, block, and combat threats. These security measures, including recovery tools, protect against hacks, viruses, and system failures. ### What are the benefits of an operating system?  The benefits of using an operating system include: - **Device control** : The primary role of an operating system is device control. It acts as the intermediary between the hardware and users. It allows the loading and management of applications, enabling users to interact with the device seamlessly. - **Customizable graphic user interface (GUI)**: A GUI simplifies computer communication, allowing users to manage and execute various tasks efficiently. Operating systems facilitate the process by providing users with a smooth and customizable GUI.  - **Resource sharing** : OS platforms facilitate the sharing of resources among different devices, including modems, printers, and music players. Users can easily share files via emails or transfer data to other devices, promoting collaboration and connectivity. - **Non-requirement of coding** : The OS is a user-friendly platform, eliminating the users’ need for coding knowledge to access and utilize computer functionalities. This enhances accessibility for a broader user base. - [Data security](https://www.g2.com/glossary/data-security-definition): Operating systems are crucial in safeguarding user data. Using bit-to-bit encryption, the OS ensures that sensitive information stored on the computer remains secure and can only be accessed by authorized users. - **Memory management** : The OS oversees memory allocation and utilization and optimizes RAM and other memory resources. This ensures that applications run efficiently and do not overload the system, improving overall performance. - **Hardware compatibility** : Operating systems ensure compatibility across various devices by providing a layer of abstraction between applications and hardware. This abstraction allows software developers to create applications running on different hardware configurations. - **User account management** : An OS supports user account management, allowing multiple users to have personalized settings and access levels. This feature is essential for shared devices and ensures a secure and personalized computing experience. - **Error handling** : Operating systems incorporate error-handling mechanisms to detect and manage errors that may occur during the execution of programs. This helps prevent system crashes and enhances the overall stability of the computing environment. ### Who uses an operating system? Operating systems are used by everyone who owns a digital device. However, some professions need to customize their OS for themes, visual elements, hardware requirements, and security settings, Such systems are most commonly used by the following professionals:  - **Developers** : Developers use operating systems as a foundation for designing and developing software and applications. The choice of an operating system is critical for aligning with coding specializations and supporting development workflows. - **Designers** : Graphic designers and other design professionals rely on operating systems to handle modern and data-intensive design applications efficiently. The right operating system and suitable hardware are essential for designers seeking speed, power, and ample memory for their creative processes. - **Gamers** : The desktop gaming community heavily relies on operating systems to support their gaming activities. Enthusiastic gamers invest in operating systems that meet the specifications demanded by their games, ensuring optimal performance and stability during gameplay. - **Business professionals** : Operating systems are fundamental tools for business professionals, impacting productivity, collaboration, and overall efficiency within professional settings. They facilitate tasks like document creation, communication, and data management. - **Educational institutions** : Operating systems are widely used in educational settings, providing a platform for teaching and learning. From basic computer literacy to advanced programming courses, educational institutions leverage operating systems to facilitate various academic activities. - **Medical professionals** : In healthcare settings, operating systems manage electronic health records (EHR), medical imaging, and various diagnostic tools. Medical professionals rely on operating systems to access and analyze patient data securely. - **Scientists and researchers** : Operating systems play a crucial role in scientific research by supporting computational simulations, data analysis, and modeling. Researchers from various fields rely on operating systems to conduct experiments and process complex datasets. - **Government agencies** : Operating systems are integral to government operations, supporting data management, communication, and administrative functions. Government agencies use operating systems to ensure the smooth functioning of various departments. - **Defense forces** : Defence forces utilize operating systems for various applications, from mission planning and communication to managing complex defense systems. Operating systems play a critical role in ensuring the security and efficiency of military operations, both in command centers and on the field. ### Operating system pricing Operating systems typically follow different pricing models based on their type, the target audience, and the usage context. Here are some standard pricing models for operating systems: - **Commercial license:** Operating systems following a commercial license model require users to purchase a license. This model is typical for widely used desktop operating systems and often involves different editions with varying features and pricing. - **Free and open source:** Operating systems under the open-source model are freely available for users to download, use, modify, and distribute. Users do not need to pay for the OS, but expenses may be associated with support services or additional features. - **Subscription model:** Some operating systems adopt a subscription-based model, particularly in enterprise and server environments. Users pay a recurring fee for continuous access to updates, support, and other services. This is common in cloud-based and server operating systems. - **Device or Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) licensing:** In device or OEM licensing, the operating system comes pre-installed on devices, and the cost of the OS is typically included in the overall price of the device. This model is common for personal computers, laptops, and mobile devices. - **Volume licensing:** Organizations that require multiple copies of an operating system may opt for volume licensing. This model suits businesses and educational institutions and offers cost savings for bulk purchases and centralized management capabilities. ### Challenges with operating systems Some common challenges with operating systems are: - **Complexity** : Operating systems present complexities in terms of programming, installation, and general usability. Even ostensibly user-friendly platforms may pose obstacles for average users throughout the usage lifecycle. - **Integrations and application support** : Compatibility issues between a user's preferred operating system and existing hardware or applications can persist long after the initial setup. The growth of cloud computing has mitigated some of these complexities by enabling users to manage files or applications without relying solely on local hard drives. - **Security concerns** : OS platforms are susceptible to malware, viruses, and cyberattacks. Maintaining robust security measures, like regular updates and antivirus software, is essential to safeguarding the system and user data. - **User interface variability** : Different operating systems often have distinct [user interfaces](https://www.g2.com/glossary/user-interface-definition), resulting in a learning curve for users transitioning between platforms. This variability can lead to confusion and inefficiencies among users, particularly in workplaces with diverse operating system preferences. - **Resource consumption** : Operating systems can consume significant system resources, affecting the overall performance of a device. Resource-intensive features, background processes, and system updates may strain hardware, leading to slower performance and reduced responsiveness. - **Update management** : Managing software updates is critical to operating system maintenance. Users may encounter challenges in compatibility or dependency, keeping their systems up-to-date, potentially exposing vulnerabilities and compromising system stability. - **User accessibility** : The accessibility features of operating systems vary, impacting users with disabilities. Ensuring that operating systems provide adequate accessibility options is crucial for creating an inclusive computing environment. - **Data backup and recovery** : Operating systems must have robust data backup and recovery mechanisms. Challenges arise if users fail to regularly back up their data like difficulties in restoring files after system failures. - **User privacy concerns** : Privacy issues like data collection and tracking can affect certain operating systems. Users may face challenges in controlling their personal information and managing privacy settings effectively. ### Which companies should buy operating systems? Companies of all sizes purchase and use operating systems for building apps and websites. Below are some examples of companies that should consider buying operating systems: - **Technology giants** : Established technology companies, like Google, Microsoft, and Apple, continually invest in operating system development to maintain control over their ecosystem and enhance user experiences. - **Cloud service providers** : Companies offering [cloud computing services](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-computing-platforms), such as Amazon Web Services (AWS) or Microsoft Azure, might invest in operating systems tailored for cloud environments to optimize performance and security for their services. - **Automotive companies** : With the rise of connected and autonomous vehicles, automotive companies may benefit from developing or securing operating systems to power in-car infotainment, navigation, and other smart vehicle features. - **IoT (Internet of Things) companies**: [Companies specializing in IoT devices](https://www.g2.com/categories/iot-device-management-platforms) could invest in or develop lightweight operating systems tailored for resource-constrained devices to power a wide range of connected products. - **Enterprise software providers** : Companies offering enterprise software solutions like Oracle or SAP might consider developing or obtaining operating systems that complement their business applications and improve overall system performance. - **Open-source software companies** : Organizations focusing on open-source solutions, like Red Hat, may acquire or contribute to developing open-source operating systems to expand their portfolio and support the broader open-source community. - **Startups and innovators** : Emerging companies with innovative ideas for new computing platforms, edge computing, or novel device categories may see value in developing their operating systems to support their unique offerings. - **Security firms** : Companies specializing in cybersecurity may consider developing or procuring operating systems with advanced security features to provide more resilient and secure computing environments. ### How to choose an operating system  Choosing an operating system depends on the business’s needs, preferences, and work type. The following explains the step-by-step process buyers can use to find a suitable operating system: #### Identifying business needs and priorities Identifying business needs and priorities in selecting an operating system is a crucial step. This involves a comprehensive assessment of specific requirements. Scale, user support, and compatibility play a pivotal role for businesses.  The purpose of the operating system, whether for personal or business use, guides the decision-making process. Factors such as development capabilities, hardware preferences, and the balance between customization and control must be carefully evaluated.  #### Choosing the necessary technology and features When choosing an operating system, several key factors necessitate meticulous consideration. First and foremost, the specific business requirements play a pivotal role, as the chosen OS should seamlessly align with the organization's operational needs.  It is essential to evaluate the development capabilities required, whether for widespread business support or specialized development purposes. Hardware preferences also come into play, particularly if there is a strong affinity for a specific brand, as certain operating systems are inherently tied to particular hardware devices.  Customization options are crucial, especially for those opting for open-source operating systems, which offer high levels of adaptability but may require a deeper technical understanding.  Compatibility with existing systems is critical to ensure a smooth transition without disruptions. Stability considerations are paramount to avoid crashes that could affect data safety and accessibility.  #### Reviewing vendor vision, roadmap, viability, and support Choosing vendors involves a systematic approach where organizations define their requirements, conduct thorough research to identify potential candidates, and assess various factors such as reputation, financial stability, expertise, and product quality.  Evaluating the vendor's vision, scalability, and support options is crucial, and referencing past clients helps gauge satisfaction levels. Additionally, considering compliance, security measures, and transparent pricing structures aids in making informed decisions.  Negotiating favorable terms and reviewing contract details ensure a mutually beneficial partnership, aligning the vendor's offerings with the organization's needs and goals. #### Evaluating the deployment and purchasing model Engage IT planners and key decision-makers to assess platform integration and custom development needs. The final evaluation should incorporate end users' feedback on integration, usability, and departmental requirements. Low-code platforms come with diverse business-serving models and pricing structures, ranging from end-user pricing to metrics-based approaches. Understanding the total cost of operation and maintenance is vital, and considering different platforms eases proof-of-concept development. Before making decisions, buyers must grasp all costs, including data retrieval, recurring fees, and additional charges. #### Putting it all together Consider factors such as compatibility with your hardware and software requirements, user interface preferences, security features, and whether you prioritize open-source options. Research and evaluate popular operating systems like Windows, macOS, and various Linux distributions to determine which best aligns with your computing goals and workflow.  The final decision involves consensus from the selection committee, including end users. This buy-in is crucial for the solution's smooth implementation and successful adoption. By bringing in diverse perspectives and considering their feedback, your organization ensures your decision meets immediate needs and aligns with future goals ### Software related to operating system Related solutions and services that can be used alongside no-code development platforms include: - [Utilities software:](https://www.g2.com/categories/utilities) Operating systems often include a set of utility programs that perform various tasks, such as disk management, file system maintenance, system monitoring, and troubleshooting. Examples include disk cleanup tools, system optimization utilities, and task managers. - [Security software](https://www.g2.com/categories/security) **:** Antivirus programs, firewalls, and other security software help protect the operating system and user data from malware, viruses, and unauthorized access. These tools contribute to the overall security posture of the system. - [Backup](https://www.g2.com/categories/backup) **a**** nd recovery software**: Backup solutions and recovery tools are crucial for safeguarding data and restoring system functionality in case of data loss or system failures. These applications create backups and provide recovery options for files and system configurations. ### Operating system trends - **Cloud Operating Systems (COS)**: Tailored for cloud infrastructure, COS provides high scalability, auto-scaling, load balancing, and robust security for efficiently handling cloud-based applications. - **Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS)**: Ideal for embedded systems and IoT devices, RTOS ensures deterministic behavior and a small memory footprint, catering to real-time processing requirements. - **Container Operating Systems (COS)**: Facilitating lightweight and efficient containerized applications, COS simplifies deployment, scaling, and management with added features like security and networking. - **Serverless Operating Systems (SOS)**: Optimized for serverless computing, SOS offers auto-scaling cost efficiency through a pay-as-you-go model and focuses on functions as a service (FaaS) - **AI-powered operating systems** : By integrating AI features like natural language processing and machine learning, these systems analyze data for intelligent applications such as chatbots and autonomous vehicles. - **Blockchain Operating Systems (BOS)**: Designed for blockchain-based applications, BOS provides security, consensus, and smart contract execution, transforming sectors like supply chain management and healthcare. - **Hybrid Operating Systems (HOS)**: Although managing different environments introduces complexity, versatile HOS runs on diverse platforms, offering compatibility, scalability, and security for modern software development. Researched and written by [Shalaka Joshi](https://research.g2.com/insights/author/shalaka-joshi) Reviewed and edited by [Supanna Das](https://in.linkedin.com/in/supanna-das-a98a83220)