Cavu HCM Features

Allows administrators to customize to accommodate their unique processes. Includes ability to create custom objects, fields, rules, calculations, and views.

Application Programming Interface - Specification for how the application communicates with other software. API's typically enable integration of data, logic, objects, etc with other software applications.

Grant access to select data, features, objects, etc. based on the users, user role, and groups.

Dashboard to view the status of ongoing processes, identify current incidents and track past activities

Dashboard to view the status of ongoing processes, identify current incidents and track past activities

Access software remotely via mobile devices

Dashboard to view the status of ongoing processes, identify current incidents and track past activities

Track employee/learner's progression through training programs

Allows employees to set and manage work or career related goals

Collecting, analyzing, and utilizing feedback from users or customers to improve a product or service

Detailed plan including steps, milestones, assignments, and timeline needed to complete a project, strategy or goal

Access software remotely via mobile devices

Dashboard to view the status of ongoing processes, identify current incidents and track past activities

Use a dashboard to view benefits that are selected by employees or offered by employers

Dashboard to view the status of ongoing processes, identify current incidents and track past activities

Collecting, analyzing, and utilizing feedback from users or customers to improve a product or service

Organize and manage the accomplishments and development of employees or performance of applications or systems

Tools to find, assess, and hire suitable candidates for a job within an organization

Track and manage adherence to policies for any service, product, process, or supplier

Track employee/learner's progression through training programs

Track and manage schedules and meetings via an integrated calendar

Track employee schedules, availability, and performance across projects and tasks

Create orientation programs for new employees or students

Create, manage and track all task activities and progression

Automates core HR functions such as talent management, employee evaluation and learning management

Managing service requests, incidents, IT issues & support with a ticketing system

Access software remotely via mobile devices

Manage employee salary processes, data, taxes, and records administration efficiently

Store, manage, and track all electronic documents in a centralized location

Create, share, and manage the distribution of job descriptions/duties

Integrate with social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc.

Access software remotely via mobile devices

Dashboard to view the status of ongoing processes, identify current incidents and track past activities

Set up connections to third-party platforms to improve business processes

Creation, administration, and evaluation of assessments or tests

Integrate with social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc.

Dashboard to view the status of ongoing processes, identify current incidents and track past activities

Access software remotely via mobile devices

Addition of necessary external data, applications, tools, or features

Create and manage internal campaigns to improve company culture or business strategy.

Create, design and manage workflows for repetitive tasks

Enable students, customers or employees to engage with each other in a particular space online or offline

Manage and track employee referrals for open job positions

Build, track, and maintain relationships with candidates

Create, design and manage workflows for repetitive tasks

Manage and track all internal and external communication conducted via calls, email, text, or chat

Manage advertising space and its sales within your network or publication

Track, manage and store the applications of potential future members, customers or candidates

Manage, store and organize emails within the system or via third-party apps

Manage and track all job information and associated tasks

Track products that are for sale at a reduced price or part of coupon promotions

Track the progress of long term goals, campaigns, and opportunities, for sales, projects, business ventures etc.

Create, save, and store files

Manage and track all job information and associated tasks

Manage and store data in a database

Manages compensation such as salary, bonus, and benefits processes, aligning with policies

Track employee schedules, availability, and performance across projects and tasks

Automates core HR functions such as talent management, employee evaluation and learning management

Catalog, manage, and develop employee skill sets

Organize and manage the accomplishments and development of employees or performance of applications or systems

Track and manage adherence to policies for any service, product, process, or supplier

Create, share, and manage the distribution of job descriptions/duties

Create, share, and manage the distribution of job descriptions/duties

Manage user accounts, profiles, roles, permissions, and other details across applications, devices or networks

Set & manage permission levels based on user roles and restrict access to only authorized individuals

Set up connections to third-party platforms to improve business processes

Access pre-built and custom reports and dashboards.

Application Programming Interface - Specification for how the application communicates with other software. API's typically enable integration of data, logic, objects, etc. with other software applications.

Software is consistently available (uptime) and allows users to complete tasks quickly because they are not waiting for the software to respond to an action they took.

Allows software to be easily used on multiple mobile devices include phone and tablet devices.

Provides users ability to create and access expense reports/timesheets while not connected to internet.

Integrate with a third-party accounting system

Integrates with QuickBooks

Active reporting of data and metrics

Set up connections to third-party platforms to improve business processes

Facilitates integration with multiple third-party payroll systems

Integrate with a third-party accounting system

View and track payroll metrics including tax liabilities, pay rates, working hours, deductions and more

Grant access to select data, features, objects, etc. based on the users, user role, groups, etc.

Software is consistently available (uptime) and allows users to complete tasks quickly because they are not waiting for the software to respond to an action they took.

Allows administrator to easily add employees and grow payroll process as their company grows.

View and track payroll metrics including tax liabilities, pay rates, working hours, deductions and more

Dashboard to view the status of ongoing processes, identify current incidents and track past activities

Manages compensation such as salary, bonus, and benefits processes, aligning with policies

Track the amount of time spent on a job or task

Organize and manage the accomplishments and development of employees or performance of applications or systems

Record employee's benefit plans and selections throughout career progression

Store, manage, and track all electronic documents in a centralized location

Manage employee salary processes, data, taxes, and records administration efficiently

Track and manage adherence to policies for any service, product, process, or supplier

Monitoring, analysis, and projection of the movement of cash into and out of a business over a specific period

Organizing a group of people to accomplish a task

Create, manage, and track policies and procedures within an organization

Track and manage schedules and meetings via an integrated calendar

Access software remotely via mobile devices

Manage attendance for classes, shifts, meetings, or events

Determine what amounts employees should contribute towards their benefits from each paycheck

Track employee schedules, availability, and performance across projects and tasks

Manage compensation for out-of-pocket expenses incurred by an employee, client or another party

Plan, schedule, and execute organization's accounts and assets to ensure compliance with policies and laws

Upload, track, and submit receipts in a central database

Track and manage employee time-off, vacation, and sick leave requests

Create, design and manage workflows for repetitive tasks

Plan, pay and track business related expenses.

Timesheet entry takes little time and is intuitive for new users

Users can easily track time based on task or activity and assign to projects

Allows users and administrators to adjust rates based on user, role, task, project assignments, etc.

Manage compensation for out-of-pocket expenses incurred by an employee, client or another party

Track the status and progress of tasks

Ability to create and send printable or electronic invoices. Includes standard invoice style library that can be customized/branded.

Accepts electronic payments from clients

Provides adequate reporting and/or can integrate to AP systems to recognize revenue appropriately

Facial or other physical recognition to confirm identity

Ability to recognize printed or written text within digital images or scanned documents

Measure time to completion or hours worked for projects

Monitor and record expenses such as purchases or charges incurred

Reporting on how each user, task or process has advanced since its initiation

Track and document all activities across devices, networks, and other systems

Track time worked per client

Monitor the progress of projects from start to finish

Track the list of items required to be billed/invoiced to clients

Track the attendance of specific individuals or groups

Request, track, and manage time off requests and vacation time

Measure time to completion or hours worked for projects

Manage and track employee attendance

Track actual spending to ensure it's in line with the planned budget

Track employee and task times using internet connection

Track employee and task times without internet connection

Identify the physical location of an individual, asset, device, etc.

Provides standard connectors for popular Finance, Payroll, HRMS and CRM systems

Routes Timesheets, Invoices, Expense reports through approval process. Easy to maintain and administer

Sends automatic reminders to employees that have not completed expenses reports and/or timesheets

Enables administrators to create rules that enforce compliances of corporate time and expense policies

Grant access to select data, features, objects, etc. based on the users, user role, groups, etc.

Track the amount of time spent on a job or task

Manage employee salary processes, data, taxes, and records administration efficiently

Track employee schedules, availability, and performance across projects and tasks

Captures invoice data and maintains comprehensive records for auditing and reporting purposes

Track and manage schedules and meetings via an integrated calendar

Create, design and manage workflows for repetitive tasks

Create, manage and track all task activities and progression

Access software remotely via mobile devices

Access software remotely via mobile devices

Create, design and manage workflows for repetitive tasks

Track and manage adherence to policies for any service, product, process, or supplier

Allows administrator to enter payroll for all employees based on salary or total hours worked.

Calculation and tracking of sick and vacation days.

Automatically deposits paychecks into employees' bank accounts.

Allows administrator to reimburse employees for business-related purchases.

Automatically deducts wages for health care, 401(k) plans, etc. from paychecks.

Allows administrator to set up for wage garnishments to be deducted automatically from employers' paychecks.

Administrator can submit payroll approval request and the approver can approve, deny, or re-assign it to the appropriate approver.

Allows administrators to print valid paychecks and W-2 forms.

Sends printed checks to administrator to distribute to employees.

Allow employees to allocate a fixed portion or percentage of their paycheck each pay period into designated accounts.

Allows employees to access current and past pay stubs, W-2 forms, and additional salary information.

Allows employees to view pay stub and W-2 information via a smartphone app or mobile optimized website.

Online portal through which end users can access the system, manage tasks, or obtain information

Calculates taxes due and may include resources or tools for federal and state tax compliance.

Files payroll tax forms automatically for federal, state, and local taxes.

Allows payroll vendor, via power of attorney, to make electronic payments of withheld taxes to government.

Application Programming Interface - Specification for how the application communicates with other software. API's typically enable integration of data, logic, objects, etc with other software applications.

Enables administrator to import hours from time tracking systems.

Provides standard integration with third party accounting software.

Provides standard integration with third party core HR software.

Application programming interface that allows for integration with other systems/databases

Track 401(k) participant contributions and employer match

Monitor and record expenses such as purchases or charges incurred

Request, track, and manage time off requests and vacation time

Set up connections to third-party platforms to improve business processes

Addition of necessary external data, applications, tools, or features

Provides users with a pre-built library of templated forms related to the hiring process.

Provides electronic forms for employees to complete.

Enables new hires to sign forms electronically.

Enables the employer to perform background checks.

Provides user with offer letter templates.

Enables all stakeholders to approve offer letters.

Pre-designed layouts that can be customized to match preferences and requirements

Automates some or all operation related tasks.

Provides robust sharing options for communication with both internal and external stakeholders.

Provides users with a pre-built library of useable content.

Enables employees to login and view their onboarding process.

Introduces new hires to employees based on org chart.

Provides training on relevant compliance issues.

Provides workflows which track new hire progress.

Provides notifications about the onboarding process to both the new hire and manager.

Integrates with business solutions such as payroll, workforce management, POS systems, etc.

Is accessible from a mobile device and by users on the go.

Forecasts scheduling needs based on important KPIs.

Provides task prioritization and management abilities.

Contains a portal to facilitate third-party or client application access.

Online portal through which end users can access the system, manage tasks, or obtain information

Manage the attendance, schedule, and payroll of the labor workforce

Manage attendance for classes, shifts, meetings, or events

Track employee schedules, availability, and performance across projects and tasks

Facilitate the scheduling and coordination of employee shifts

Manage employee salary processes, data, taxes, and records administration efficiently

Track and manage schedules and meetings via an integrated calendar

Manage and track all internal and external communication conducted via calls, email, text, or chat

Track and manage adherence to policies for any service, product, process, or supplier

Monitor and analyze the availability of resources to help plan and streamline the service delivery to clients

Track the amount of time spent on a job or task

Provides metrics on the time it takes a new hire to reach productivity.

Provides holistic Metrics on the onboarding process.

Contains tools to visalize data sets or workflows.

Automate processes and eliminate errors associated with requesting, approving, and tracking paid and unpaid time off.

Analytical and reporting tools that provide visibility into labor cost and enable data-driven decisions.

Labor data collection options include web, mobile, and hardware.

Provide multiple language options for a global user base.

Dashboard to view the status of ongoing processes, identify current incidents and track past activities

Receive data and information in real time

Active reporting of data and metrics

View and track payroll metrics including tax liabilities, pay rates, working hours, deductions and more

Tools that help in scheduling and shift creation and management.

Tools that manage vacation, holidays, absences, breaks, and overtime.

Manage employee's eligibility for paid and unpaid leave based on criteria including vacation, sick time and more.

Grant access to select features and data based on the users' role, both internally and externally.

Provides employees self service access and managers a centralized view.

Ability to manage employee information.

Automate employee promotions and position changes and company policy changes.

Track and manage schedules and meetings via an integrated calendar

Create, design and manage workflows for repetitive tasks

Track and manage adherence to policies for any service, product, process, or supplier

Track the amount of time spent on a job or task

Manage employee salary processes, data, taxes, and records administration efficiently

Automates core HR functions such as talent management, employee evaluation and learning management

Track and manage employee time-off, vacation, and sick leave requests

Create, manage and track all task activities and progression

Store, manage, and track all electronic documents in a centralized location

Access software remotely via mobile devices

Enforce federal, state, and organization regulations.

Monitor and maintain compliance.

Provide integrations with payroll software.

Set up connections to third-party platforms to improve business processes

Includes self-led, instructor-led, web-based collaboration, and tracking of completion for compliance.

Training courses can be offered outside organization to customers and partners. Can include e-commerce functionality for customers to purchase training courses.

Allows managers to see progress of team members.

Provides functionality to store, organize, and search all training content.

Allow the audience to interact or engage with the content

Track employee skills, competencies, training & qualifications

Reporting on how each user, task or process has advanced since its initiation

Create, organize, and assign courses to users

Manage, organize, and store contact information

Has a built-in eCommerce system or integrates with third-party systems to manage online sale of products

Organize and track educational activities

Assign issues and tasks based on availability or required skills

Creation, administration, and evaluation of assessments or tests

Students can access materials and communicate with instructors via their online student profile

Centralized repository to store content and assets

Coordinates interview scheduling via email, phone, or text

Tracks key steps in onboarding process including new employee orientation and employee payroll documents.

Provides analytics tools that reveal important business metrics and track progress.

Has a centralized dashboard for users to interact with.

Is consistently available (uptime) and allows users to complete tasks reliably.

Dashboard to view the status of ongoing processes, identify current incidents and track past activities

Report on the allocation and distribution of labor costs across projects

Allows users to generate text based on a text prompt.

Condenses long documents or text into a brief summary.

Use AI to generate content in the form of text, images, videos, etc.

Capability to perform complex tasks without constant human input

Improves performance based on feedback and experience

Engages in human-like conversation for task delegation

Anticipates needs and offers suggestions without prompting

Makes informed choices based on available data and objectives

Timed notification for any upcoming task, deadline, appointment, or activity

Access the system via a mobile application

Track the status over time for a request, process, asset, or transaction

Track and manage sick leave time

Manage and record overtime hours for hourly employees

View and track pertinent metrics to find patterns and gain insights from data

Measure and track time including hours worked and paid time off (PTO)

Application programming interface that allows for integration with other systems/databases

Assign working shifts or tasks to employees based on their availability

Electronic storage of staff/employee contact information and job status in a centralized repository

Set & manage permission levels based on user roles and restrict access to only authorized individuals

Track employee time off under the family and medical leave act (FMLA)

Online portal through which end users can access the system, manage tasks, or obtain information

Import and export data to and from software applications

A virtual assistant that uses AI to pursue goals and complete tasks on behalf of users

Use AI to generate content in the form of text, images, videos, etc.

Manage the process of evaluating documents or requests submitted for approval

Search and filter data across systems to locate required information by entering keywords or certain criteria

Track the attendance of specific individuals or groups

Request, track, and manage time off requests and vacation time

Facial or other physical recognition to confirm identity

Track employees' arrival and departure timings for payroll purposes

Alerts or notifications of various types such as pop-up messages, sounds, banners, or badges

Alter the layout and content of reports

Measure time to completion or hours worked for projects

A record of all activities within the system, including user access, changes made, etc.

Manage and track employee attendance

Manage and support multiple locations

Define levels of authorization for access to specific files or systems

Log and record hours worked and costs spent to assist in billing and invoicing

Notifications that are delivered to users as soon as an event occurs

Ensure employees can only clock in and out during certain times.

Digitally sign online documents

Automatically create schedules based on business needs or employee availability and qualifications

Virtual perimeter for a real-world geographic area

Predict labor requirements based on past and present data/trends

Online portal where employees can access and track their own information

Track and measure time worked for employees

Clock in and out online or with a card

Automate recording of time to reduce human error

Track and manage sick leave time

Track/log the amount of time employees worked per job using a timer

Automatically create schedules based on business needs or employee availability and qualifications

Manage and record overtime hours for hourly employees

Alerts or notifications of various types such as pop-up messages, sounds, banners, or badges

Access software remotely via mobile devices

Alter the layout and content of reports

Assign and distribute work schedules to individual employees or teams within an organization

Use AI to generate content in the form of text, images, videos, etc.

Manage and support multiple locations

Timed notification for any upcoming task, deadline, appointment, or activity

Schedule shifts via online calendars and available employees

View and track pertinent metrics to find patterns and gain insights from data

Calculate labor costs associated with employing a workforce, including wages, salaries, benefits

Managing and trading shift details between employees

Define levels of authorization for access to specific files or systems

Communicate using messages within the system

Import and export data to and from software applications

Manage the process of evaluating documents or requests submitted for approval

Electronic storage of staff/employee contact information and job status in a centralized repository

A virtual assistant that uses AI to pursue goals and complete tasks on behalf of users

Notifications via mobile devices

Request, track, and manage time off requests and vacation time

Track and document all activities across devices, networks, and other systems

Assemble applications and processes by dragging over and arranging pre-built components

Facial or other physical recognition to confirm identity

Application programming interface that allows for integration with other systems/databases

Notifications that are delivered to users as soon as an event occurs

Receive data and information in real time

Assign available resources to various projects and tasks

Timed notification for any upcoming task, deadline, appointment, or activity

Find and manage potential candidates and their applications and resumes through the recruiting life cycle

Track and manage employee's work hours to improve payroll accuracy

Predict future data based on historical data sets

Facilitate training materials that help employees grow and progress in their positions

Electronic storage of staff/employee contact information and job status in a centralized repository

Tools to improve and measure employee satisfaction and involvement

Online portal through which end users can access the system, manage tasks, or obtain information

Track and manage sick leave time

Add customized logos and colors to align with company branding

Access the system via a mobile application

Define levels of authorization for access to specific files or systems

Process of familiarizing new clients, stakeholders or employees with the company, a new location, or a service

Alter the layout and content of reports

Tools for collecting comprehensive feedback on an employee from peers, subordinates, and manager

Pre-designed layouts that can be customized to match preferences and requirements

A virtual assistant that uses AI to pursue goals and complete tasks on behalf of users

View and track pertinent metrics to find patterns and gain insights from data

Planning, tracking and developing internal talent for future key position filling

Import and export data to and from software applications

Manage the process of evaluating documents or requests submitted for approval

Gauge satisfaction and receive information for improvement and success

Closing out contracts by reviewing contract/project completion, finalizing payments, and ensuring terms and compliance as been achieved

A virtual assistant that uses AI to pursue goals and complete tasks on behalf of users

Alter the layout and content of reports

Manage the process of evaluating documents or requests submitted for approval

Provides a channel for team members to share media files, communicate, and work together

Add customized logos and colors to align with company branding

Electronic storage of staff/employee contact information and job status in a centralized repository

Track and document all activities across devices, networks, and other systems

Protect sensitive data for digital privacy

Create and share a new employee handbook with helpful information

Import and export data to and from software applications

Use AI to generate content in the form of text, images, videos, etc.

Timed notification for any upcoming task, deadline, appointment, or activity

Set & manage permission levels based on user roles and restrict access to only authorized individuals

Customize data fields to support various needs and use cases

Find and manage potential candidates and their applications and resumes through the recruiting life cycle

Collection, analysis, and representation of numerical data and generation of reports to understand various patterns

Timed notification for any upcoming task, deadline, appointment, or activity

Centralized storage for employee data, records, and performance metrics

Use AI to generate content in the form of text, images, videos, etc.

Alerts or notifications of various types such as pop-up messages, sounds, banners, or badges

Automatically create and distribute W-2/1099 tax forms to employees.

Pay employees in multiple countries using correct currencies and correct tax deduction amounts

Electronic storage of staff/employee contact information and job status in a centralized repository

Collection, analysis, and representation of numerical data and generation of reports to understand various patterns

Gateway through which employees can access the system

A virtual assistant that uses AI to pursue goals and complete tasks on behalf of users

Import and export data to and from software applications

Pay employees in multiple states with correct tax deduction amounts in each

Manage the process of evaluating documents or requests submitted for approval

Track tax-related transactions, tax remittance and tax reporting for various groups of employees and contractors

Define levels of authorization for access to specific files or systems

Measure and track time including hours worked and paid time off (PTO)

Alter the layout and content of reports

SaaS, web-based, online deployment

Delegate payroll processing to third party vendors

Attaching relevant receipts or supporting documents to submit expenses for reimbursement

Manage and handle various international currencies

Software specialized for corporate use

AI-based platform which conducts a conversation via auditory or textual methods

Generate, file and review 1099 tax forms for IRS (Internal Revenue Service)

Automatic update of information / software

Track and manage employee's work hours to improve payroll accuracy

Software program that continuously adjusts its behavior based on observed data

Process of familiarizing new employees with the company, their position, and responsibilities

Software's ability to perform similar action on multiple similar files simultaneously

Built-in accounting to manage ledger, accounts payable/receivable, financial reports, etc.

Software specialized for accountants and accounting firms

Software specialized for certified public accountants (financial advisors) who help outside entities reach financial goals

Manage and support multiple locations

View and track pertinent metrics to find patterns and gain insights from data

Designed for small businesses

Streamlining repetitive tasks and activities through automated and predefined workflows

Import and export data to and from software applications

Estimate expected cost based on various factors before a project begins

Manage and handle various international currencies

Alter the layout and content of reports

Alerts or notifications of various types such as pop-up messages, sounds, banners, or badges

View and track pertinent metrics to find patterns and gain insights from data

Receive system updates as soon as any changes are made

Estimate or forecast of a future scenario based on the study of present trends

Customize data fields to support various needs and use cases

Manage the process of evaluating documents or requests submitted for approval

Access the system via a mobile application

Use AI to generate content in the form of text, images, videos, etc.

Dashboard to view the status of ongoing processes, identify current incidents and track past activities

Create, manage, and send invoices or bills to customers

Create budgets based on historical data and future projections

Assign available resources (human and/or non-human) to various projects and tasks

Define levels of authorization for access to specific files or systems

Notifications that are delivered to users as soon as an event occurs

A virtual assistant that uses AI to pursue goals and complete tasks on behalf of users

Collection, analysis, and representation of numerical data and generation of reports to understand various patterns

Receive data and information in real time

Automate recording of time to reduce human error

Manage and record overtime hours for hourly employees

Track employees' arrival and departure timings for payroll purposes

Statistical data that helps identify improvement areas, delays or interruptions, and output of an employee

Manage and support multiple languages

Assign working shifts or tasks to employees based on their availability

Electronic storage of staff/employee contact information and job status in a centralized repository

Track billable hours and/or non-billable expenses for work performed

Track and interpret metrics on the usage of company resources

Supports flexible learning at different times (i.e., learners can access course materials at their own pace)

A virtual assistant that uses AI to pursue goals and complete tasks on behalf of users

Dashboard to view the status of ongoing processes, identify current incidents and track past activities

Software designed for companies who offer training programs to clients

Alter the layout and content of reports

Identifying your own learning needs, setting goals, finding the necessary resources, and evaluating your own knowledge

Games or game-like elements to track progress and reward accomplishments

Manage and support multiple languages

Observe employees over a period of time to gain an understanding of their abilities to perform certain tasks

Using physical, mathematical, or logical models as a basis for simulations to generate data for managerial or technical decision-making

Software specialized for schools (K-12 & Post-Secondary)

Set up connections to third-party platforms to improve business processes

Add customized logos and colors to align with company branding

Create tools to measure student retention of learning material and lessons

Back-office tasks (i.e. schedule courses, organize resources, course registrations, and email reminders)

Create tools to promote social interaction and learning between students/trainees and instructors/trainers

Gauge satisfaction and receive information for improvement and success

Supports learning paths that combine in-person classes with online/virtual courses

Classes/sessions accessible via web browser of built-in video conferencing

Adherence to the standards outlined in the SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) framework

Access for students to complete learning materials on mobile platforms

Use AI to generate content in the form of text, images, videos, etc.

LMS functionality built-in for content delivery

Tools that allow users to create and publish courses and course material/content

Designing course materials to be completed in a sequential order for personalized learning purposes

Application programming interface that allows for integration with other systems/databases

Real-time, interactive learning experiences where participants engage in learning activities simultaneously

Enables management and tracking the certification/licensing requirements of learners, employees, or stakeholders

Allow users to access multiple services after entering their login credentials once

Timed notification for any upcoming task, deadline, appointment, or activity

Software specialized for corporate use

View and track pertinent metrics to find patterns and gain insights from data