Question 1

What is an Application Server?

Accepted Answer

An application server allows users to install and host applications such as web browsers, image editors, and development and testing applications. Application servers, also known as app servers, manage an organization's backend business applications. All operations necessary to manage the numerous applications a business uses are done via an application server. 
 As the number of applications used increases, so does the demand for application servers to manage them. The complexity of handling applications has become increasingly complex, and app servers help alleviate these concerns. Application servers can be used across different industries and can be installed based on user requirements. 
 Application servers are used based on user requirements. A user might need an application for scalability or to improve managing all their web applications. An application server acts as a middleware platform or the second layer since it exists between the first layer, which can be the operating system (OS), the client end, a browser, or a web server, and the third layer, the database server itself. If a company faces high-traffic and latency issues, an application server is used to manage complex requests, monitor high-availability application services, etc. 
 What Types of Application Servers Exist? 
 There are primarily two different types of servers—application servers and web servers. Application servers are different from web servers since web application servers are static and serve HTTP/HTML requests from the website. Web servers do not serve dynamic or server-side content. A user uses it to pull static HTML content, including files, documents, photos, images, javascript, etc., and can only support HTTP/HTTPS/HTML protocols. These web servers are used to pull web pages for clients using an HTTP server to understand HTTP and URLs. In the case of a web server, the client is the browser where a user can type in their requirements. Application servers provide users access to business logic. In the software industry, business logic is defined as the section of the program that includes real-world business rules on managing data. This business logic works with dynamic content, i.e., transforming the data for specific functionality. Application servers and web servers usually work together. Some web application servers also have plugins from scripting languages such as ASP, PHP, Perl, and JSP. 
 Servlets can also be opted for, which is a part of a web server that can be run as a separate process. It is a Java programming language class that helps to extend server capabilities. Some web servers are open source, such as Apache Tomcat and JBoss. Application servers can help execute web modules such as Java Servlets and serve JavaEE apps. For example, consider shopping on an e-commerce website. Customers put their items in the cart, add payment details, and check out. However, the sequence of transactions needed falls under business logic—add to cart, add shipping details, add payment details, get OTP for securing the transaction, order confirmation message—this sequence is the business logic. 
  There are three types of application servers: 
 Active application servers: This application server supports business logic in the form of rules or objects. 
 Web information servers: This type of application server focuses on processing web applications. 
 Component servers: This type of application server helps connect different software components.

Question 2

What are the Common Features of Application Servers?

Accepted Answer

The following are some core features within application servers that can help users in several ways: 
 Data redundancy: One of the features of the application server is data redundancy. Data redundancy is a process where data is kept in two or more separate locations. This is done to ensure business continuity in case of any unforeseen events. Application servers support data redundancy to ensure that in case any business application fails, it can be moved onto another working server and improve application runtime. This helps avoid single points of failure. 
 High availability: Systems, especially mission-critical systems and applications, must run 24/7. Imagine a system on the New York Stock Exchange crashes, or a server in NASA fails. Systems must remain available at all times. However, all systems will have some downtime (planned or unplanned). Application servers for this use case must be high availability (less downtime) to ensure there is no disruption, especially during high peak traffic hours, and able to manage the load, ensuring high performance of the application server. 
 Load balancing: Load balancing takes care of distributing several requests evenly to different application tiers. It is used to route requests to the right servers and help fulfill the request. Application servers must have an in-built load balancing feature or be able to connect with a load balancing software. Load balancers can also act as a reverse proxy to maintain the load over servers. 
 Central management interface: Applications servers include a centralized management interface that helps a user to manage numerous application servers from one platform, removing the need for many.

Question 3

What are the Benefits of Application Servers?

Accepted Answer

A few benefits of application servers include: 
 Instant access to apps: Every application being used is pulled from an application server and delivered by a web server or a web application server. Web clients make HTTP requests to access a particular app pulled from the application server. 
 Traffic optimization: Application servers are designed in such a way that they can handle high incoming traffic for the apps. They are built to handle multiple requests from web clients. In addition, the performance of heavy applications increases by using an application server. 
 License management: Installing an application multiple times on a system is tedious. This is where the application server comes in. Computers can run applications without the need to be run locally. This helps manage licenses for various applications since only the allowed number of users can use the application at a given time. 
 Data integrity: Application servers follow a centralized approach. Any security updates, patches, etc., can be done via the application server. Different users do not need to access the same application and make changes that could cause errors.

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