Best Loyalty Management Software - Page 10

How Many Loyalty Management Software Products Does G2 Track?

Total Products under this Category: 587

Category Stats (Sep 2026)

  • Average Rating: 4.55/5 The average rating of products in this category, based on all submitted ratings
  • Top Trending Product: Froonze Loyalty (+1.77%) - Among all products in this category, Froonze Loyalty recorded the largest rating increase compared to last month

Last updated: September 01, 2026

How Does G2 Rank Loyalty Management Software Products?

Why You Can Trust G2's Software Rankings:

  • 30 Analysts and Data Experts
  • 16,000+ Authentic Reviews
  • 587+ Products
  • Unbiased Rankings

G2's software rankings are built on verified user reviews, rigorous moderation, and a consistent research methodology maintained by a team of analysts and data experts. Each product is measured using the same transparent criteria, with no paid placement or vendor influence. While reviews reflect real user experiences, which can be subjective, they offer valuable insight into how software performs in the hands of professionals. Together, these inputs power the G2 Score, a standardized way to compare tools within every category.

G2 Grid® for Loyalty Management Software

G2 Grid® for Loyalty Management Software plotting products by satisfaction and market presence

Highlighted products: Smile.io, LoyaltyLion, Owner.com, Okendo, AdvantageClub.ai, Benepik, Mastercard Offers, and Joy Loyalty.

Underlying data: [Grid® JSON](https://www.g2.com/categories/loyalty-management/grids.json?focus%5B%5D=smile-io&focus%5B%5D=loyaltylion&focus%5B%5D=owner-com&focus%5B%5D=okendo&focus%5B%5D=advantageclub-ai&focus%5B%5D=benepik&focus%5B%5D=mastercard-offers&focus%5B%5D=joy-loyalty)

HubSpot Loyalty Reward Points

Loyalty Reward Points lets you build a points and rewards system that help you boost revenue and effectively implement customer retention and referral marketing strategies. The plugin syncs your online store data to HubSpot CRM and give you deep customer insights.

Average Rating: 3.0/5.0

Total Reviews: 1

How Do G2 Users Rate HubSpot Loyalty Reward Points?

  • Integrations: 6.7/10 (Category avg: 8.6/10)
  • Loyalty Analytics: 5.0/10 (Category avg: 8.8/10)
  • Membership: 5.0/10 (Category avg: 8.8/10)

Who Is the Company Behind HubSpot Loyalty Reward Points?

  • Seller: MakeWebBetter
  • Year Founded: 2016
  • HQ Location: Oregon, Portland
  • Twitter: @makewebbetter
    2,232 Twitter followers
  • LinkedIn® Page: www.linkedin.com
    21 employees on LinkedIn®

Who Uses This Product?

  • Company Size: 100% Small

Incentivio

Incentivio is an all-in-one customer engagement platform built specifically for restaurants. We help restaurant brands grow revenue and retention by combining a powerful restaurant loyalty program, CRM, and CDP (Customer Data Platform) into one seamless solution. The platform turns real-time customer data into personalized guest experiences. Restaurants can automate customer segmentation, launch targeted marketing campaigns, deliver rewards that drive loyalty, and capture valuable sentiment data across the entire guest journey. From online ordering and mobile apps to email, push, and SMS marketing, Incentivio gives you the tools to build stronger relationships with your guests—without needing a dedicated marketing team. Trusted by fast-casual, quick-service, and full-service restaurants, Incentivio helps brands unlock the full potential of their data with: - Smart, automated restaurant loyalty and rewards programs - A built-in restaurant CRM to manage and activate guest relationships - A centralized restaurant CDP for unified customer insights - Advanced customer segmenting for more effective marketing - Tools to collect and act on guest sentiment and feedback

Average Rating: 4.5/5.0

Total Reviews: 1

How Do G2 Users Rate Incentivio?

  • Has the product been a good partner in doing business?: 10.0/10 (Category avg: 9.1/10)
  • Integrations: 8.3/10 (Category avg: 8.6/10)
  • Loyalty Analytics: 8.3/10 (Category avg: 8.8/10)

Who Is the Company Behind Incentivio?

Who Uses This Product?

  • Company Size: 100% Small

What Do G2 Reviewers Say About Incentivio?

AI-generated summary from verified user reviews

Pros
  • Users appreciate the intuitive customer engagement of Incentivio, praising its ease of use and excellent support.
  • Users praise the incredible customer support from Christina, which enhances their experience with Incentivio's features.
  • Users appreciate the intuitive ease of use of Incentivio, making management seamless and stress-free.
  • Users value the intuitive ease of use in Incentivio, enhancing their engagement and promotion management experience.
  • Users love Incentivio's intuitive interface, which simplifies managing promotions and enhances customer engagement and support.
Cons
  • Users find the access restrictions on discounts limiting, impacting the flexibility of promotional setups.
  • Users find the limited customization of discounts in Incentivio restrictive, affecting the effectiveness of promotions.
  • Users find the limited discounts in Incentivio restrictive, wishing for more flexibility in promotions setup.
  • Users find the restrictive discount setup in Incentivio limits promotional flexibility, affecting overall user experience.

What Are Recent G2 Reviews of Incentivio?

InComm InCentives

Where there are payments, there’s InComm. At InComm InCentives, we redefine how businesses engage, reward, and retain prospects, customers, and employees. As a leader in the prepaid and stored-value space, we offer access to a vast network of gift card brands, including Visa, Mastercard, and American Express, as well as a deep portfolio of retail and digital rewards. Our seamless integrations, custom-branded solutions, and data-driven insights empower companies to enhance customer loyalty, drive sales, and improve operational efficiency. With decades of experience and strong industry partnerships, we make incentive programs simple, scalable, and impactful. Whether you need a turnkey solution or a tailored rewards strategy, we provide the expertise and technology to help you maximize engagement and ROI. Let’s create an incentive experience that exceeds expectations. We help companies turn incentives into powerful engagement tools by offering: •Unmatched Brand Access—Direct connections to hundreds of top gift card brands, from global payment networks to niche digital offerings. •Flexible & Scalable Solutions – Custom and pre-built incentive programs that fit your business needs, from bulk fulfillment to API integrations. •Revenue-Driving Rewards: Discounted rates, revenue-sharing opportunities, and promotional strategies that maximize value while delivering an exceptional experience. If you’re looking to boost customer loyalty, enhance employee engagement, or streamline rewards fulfillment, we’re here to help. Let’s build something great together. www.incomm.com/incentives/

Average Rating: 4.0/5.0

Total Reviews: 1

How Do G2 Users Rate InComm InCentives?

  • Integrations: 8.3/10 (Category avg: 8.6/10)
  • Loyalty Analytics: 8.3/10 (Category avg: 8.8/10)
  • Membership: 8.3/10 (Category avg: 8.8/10)

Who Is the Company Behind InComm InCentives?

Who Uses This Product?

  • Company Size: 100% Medium

What Do G2 Reviewers Say About InComm InCentives?

AI-generated summary from verified user reviews

Pros
  • Users appreciate the wide variety of brands offered by InComm InCentives, enjoying competitive discounts and strong management support.
  • Users appreciate the management ease of InComm InCentives, enjoying a smooth experience with diverse brands and competitive discounts.
  • Users appreciate the sales growth opportunities with InComm InCentives, benefiting from diverse brand selections and competitive discounts.
  • Users appreciate the wide variety of brands offered by InComm InCentives, enhancing their overall experience with competitive discounts.
  • Users value the wide variety of brands offered by InComm InCentives, enhancing their overall experience with the service.
Cons
  • Users find usage difficulty with InComm due to lengthy brand approval processes and lack of responsiveness.

What Are Recent G2 Reviews of InComm InCentives?

Influence

Influence is the ultimate plug-and-play solution for eCommerce brands, helping you grow your business with personalized loyalty and referral programs. This all-in-one app boosts customer retention and revenue with a customizable suite of tools for rewards, loyalty tiers and referrals. Enhance your retention strategy, support customer engagement, and maximize profitability with Influence. Launch a customized loyalty program in minutes with our user-friendly setup process. Reward customers for purchases, social actions, and product reviews through the Earn & Redeem feature, with redeem options like discounts, free shipping, and charity donations. Engage high-value customers with Loyalty Tiers, offering exclusive benefits and VIP rewards based on customer behavior. Modernize traditional loyalty programs with digital stamp cards, increasing engagement and purchase frequency through gamification and wallet integration. Reduce acquisition costs with personal referral links, rewarding both parties only when a referred purchase is completed. Expand your reach with performance-based affiliate marketing, tracking and optimizing partnerships easily. Influence integrates with top tech solutions like Klaviyo, Gorgias, REVIEWS.io and leading eCommerce platforms like Shopify and BigCommerce. With affordable pricing plans and support for multiple languages, Influence is designed to maximize profitability and customer retention for your eCommerce brand.

Average Rating: 5.0/5.0

Total Reviews: 2

How Do G2 Users Rate Influence?

  • Has the product been a good partner in doing business?: 10.0/10 (Category avg: 9.1/10)
  • Integrations: 6.7/10 (Category avg: 8.6/10)
  • Loyalty Analytics: 10.0/10 (Category avg: 8.8/10)
  • Membership: 8.3/10 (Category avg: 8.8/10)

Who Is the Company Behind Influence?

  • Seller: clearer.io
  • Year Founded: 2022
  • HQ Location: Boston, MA
  • Twitter: @clearer_io
    169 Twitter followers
  • LinkedIn® Page: www.linkedin.com
    167 employees on LinkedIn®

Who Uses This Product?

  • Company Size: 100% Small

What Are Recent G2 Reviews of Influence?

InsightJet

At InsightJet, we believe that the modern-day business owners need to make the most out of the ever-changing digital landscape by being relevant to these changes. Insight jet is born out of the idea of helping small and medium companies unlock the unexplored possibilities of growing the business by enabling them to listen to their audience and also by giving them the voice to communicate and delight their customers. InsightJet is introduced in this time of crisis to better equip the business owners and help them stay connected with the customers in the most rewarding way. InsightJet is the ideal site to connect with if you want to boost your business’s Google ratings and offer loyalties to your customers.

Average Rating: 4.5/5.0

Total Reviews: 1

Who Is the Company Behind InsightJet?

Who Uses This Product?

  • Company Size: 100% Medium

What Are Recent G2 Reviews of InsightJet?

What Are G2 Users Discussing About InsightJet?

iPresso

Integrated Marketing Automation platform for professional marketers. Industry-specific, with support, without a break from development. iPresso is more than just a technology... … and more than automation - everything counts: understanding the industry and business, support oriented to needs and problems, analytics, integration, continuous development. Make your marketing more effective! It’s not just a slogan but our mantra, which we use to develop the system. The core assumption of iPresso is to support professional marketers in their everyday work: integrate data, tools, design and conduct personalized, multi-channel campaigns, measure results and constantly improve them. How do we do it? We are continuously working on making iPresso maximally accessible and intuitive. iPresso is used by marketers from companies and brands operating all over the world. Discover what iPresso places at their disposal. Marketing Automation is complicated and hard to launch? ‍Not with iPresso! Technology is for all people. Marketing Automation was created especially for selected marketers, entrepreneurs and designers. We believe and know from experience that you do not expect a tool overloaded with redundant features.You need iPresso to be as flexible, friendly and integrated as possible. MAiA: The AI Assistant Built Into iPresso One of iPresso's key competitive advantages is MAiA (Marketing AI Assistant) - a built-in artificial intelligence assistant that transforms the way marketers work with campaign data.MAiA automates campaign performance reporting and reduces analysis time from hours to seconds. Instead of manually browsing dashboards and exporting data, a marketer asks a question in natural language and receives a ready-made interpretation of results, optimization recommendations, and actionable conclusions. What MAiA can do: - Generate campaign reports on demand, without manual configuration - Interpret anomalies and trends in data in real time - Compress analytical work from multi-hour sessions to instant answers - Support data-driven marketing decisions at every stage of the funnel - MAiA directly addresses one of the biggest challenges facing modern marketers: data overload combined with a chronic lack of time for interpretation. Adjust iPresso to your industry and business We possess competences and additional functionalities that better match iPresso to a particular industry. iPresso Enterprise is a dedicated marketing automation service for: finance, FMCG, telecommunications, automotive, airlines, media and entertainment, B2B – it’s an option worth considering.

Average Rating: 4.5/5.0

Total Reviews: 1

Who Is the Company Behind iPresso?

Who Uses This Product?

  • Company Size: 100% Small

What Are Recent G2 Reviews of iPresso?

What Are G2 Users Discussing About iPresso?

Leal

Leal is a digital loyalty platform that helps businesses increase repeat customers and customer retention by replacing paper loyalty cards and mobile apps with loyalty cards that live in Apple Wallet and Google Wallet. The platform is designed for cafés, restaurants, retail stores, salons, and service businesses that want a simple, modern loyalty program that customers will actually use. With Leal, businesses can create and launch a loyalty program in minutes. Customers join by scanning a QR code or clicking a link, and the loyalty card is added directly to their phone's wallet. From there, customers can collect stamps, points, or rewards, and their progress updates automatically in real time without needing an app download or account login. Leal allows businesses to reward customers for purchases, visits, referrals, or promotions, and to send push notifications directly to customers' lock screens through wallet notifications. This makes it easy to promote special offers, remind customers about rewards, and drive repeat visits without relying on email or social media algorithms. The platform also includes analytics and reporting tools that help businesses understand how their loyalty program is performing. Businesses can track customer visits, reward redemptions, repeat customer rates, and overall engagement to see the impact the loyalty program is having on revenue and customer retention. Leal fits into the customer loyalty software, customer engagement, and customer retention software categories, helping businesses build stronger relationships with their customers and increase customer lifetime value. By removing friction from traditional loyalty programs and making rewards easy to access and use, Leal helps businesses turn occasional customers into regulars. Overall, Leal provides a modern loyalty solution that is easy for businesses to manage and easy for customers to use, helping businesses grow through repeat customers rather than constantly relying on new customer acquisition.

Average Rating: 5.0/5.0

Total Reviews: 1

Who Is the Company Behind Leal?

  • Seller: Jemcode
  • Year Founded: 2014
  • HQ Location: London, GB
  • LinkedIn® Page: www.linkedin.com
    1 employees on LinkedIn®

Who Uses This Product?

  • Company Size: 100% Small

What Are Recent G2 Reviews of Leal?

Lobyco Nexus

Lobyco Nexus is a loyalty and customer engagement platform for retailers. It helps loyalty, marketing and commercial teams turn customer data into personalised offers, rewards and communications across channels. This enables retailers to create more relevant customer experiences, encourage repeat visits and increase revenue, while managing their loyalty activities in one connected platform instead of across multiple disconnected systems. At the heart of that connectivity is Orchestration, which uses real-time events to build customer journeys that respond dynamically to individual behavior. When a new member signs up and makes a purchase, for example, Nexus can instantly trigger a personalized onboarding journey, complete with tailored messages, offers, and incentives delivered across multiple channels, cutting the time between campaign idea and execution. That responsiveness comes from Nexus's direct integration with a retailer's existing data systems: campaigns react in real time to customer signals like behaviors, segments, and lifecycle events, automatically triggering actions and feeding results back into the broader ecosystem to keep data and execution consistent across channels. Everyday campaign management gets simpler too. A birthday campaign, for instance, can be set up once and run continuously, delivering the right message at the right time with no manual upkeep. The same behavioral data also powers retail media, letting retailers target customer groups based on actual purchase behavior rather than broad demographics, so placements stay relevant for shoppers and effective for brand partners. Personalization scales through AI rather than manual segmentation: instead of building and maintaining dozens of customer segments by hand, retailers let Nexus match each customer to the offers they're most likely to engage with, continuously updating as behavior changes. Built on Lobyco's grocery and retail heritage, Nexus brings loyalty, 200+ promotion types, gamification, personalization, and orchestration together in one no-code platform, helping retailers replace fragmented martech with a single system for building stronger customer relationships and driving measurable growth.

Average Rating: 5.0/5.0

Total Reviews: 1

How Do G2 Users Rate Lobyco Nexus?

  • Has the product been a good partner in doing business?: 10.0/10 (Category avg: 9.1/10)
  • Integrations: 10.0/10 (Category avg: 8.6/10)
  • Loyalty Analytics: 10.0/10 (Category avg: 8.8/10)
  • Membership: 10.0/10 (Category avg: 8.8/10)

Who Is the Company Behind Lobyco Nexus?

  • Seller: Lobyco
  • Year Founded: 2020
  • HQ Location: Copenhagen, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
  • LinkedIn® Page: www.linkedin.com
    86 employees on LinkedIn®

Who Uses This Product?

  • Company Size: 100% Small

What Are Recent G2 Reviews of Lobyco Nexus?

Loyalize

Loyalize is an API-driven solution focused on cashback and rewards as a means of facilitating customer loyalty. Clients get immediate access to thousands of merchant-funded cashback offers, deals, and coupons.

Average Rating: 5.0/5.0

Total Reviews: 1

How Do G2 Users Rate Loyalize?

  • Integrations: 10.0/10 (Category avg: 8.6/10)
  • Loyalty Analytics: 10.0/10 (Category avg: 8.8/10)
  • Membership: 10.0/10 (Category avg: 8.8/10)

Who Is the Company Behind Loyalize?

Who Uses This Product?

  • Company Size: 100% Small

What Are Recent G2 Reviews of Loyalize?

Loyalty Gator

Loyalty Gator helps your business maximize customer retention, specializing in loyalty programs, gift cards, marketing tools, and more.

Average Rating: 4.5/5.0

Total Reviews: 1

Who Is the Company Behind Loyalty Gator?

Who Uses This Product?

  • Company Size: 100% Small

What Are Recent G2 Reviews of Loyalty Gator?

LoyaltyPlus

LoyaltyPlus is a cloud based loyalty management system for airlines and retail businesses. It includes a web site for program owners, program partners and loyalty members and completely integrates with your corporate identity. Contains modules like campaign management, business intelligence dashboards, corporate programs, account pooling and a mobile app at additional cost. Multi language support.

Average Rating: 4.0/5.0

Total Reviews: 1

Who Is the Company Behind LoyaltyPlus?

Who Uses This Product?

  • Company Size: 100% Small

What Are Recent G2 Reviews of LoyaltyPlus?

What Are G2 Users Discussing About LoyaltyPlus?

Loyalzoo

Loyalzoo is a digital loyalty card service for small/medium size retailers and eateries. Loyalzoo offers an affordable, subscription based system to allow retailers of any size run their own in-store loyalty program.

Average Rating: 5.0/5.0

Total Reviews: 1

How Do G2 Users Rate Loyalzoo?

  • Has the product been a good partner in doing business?: 10.0/10 (Category avg: 9.1/10)
  • Integrations: 10.0/10 (Category avg: 8.6/10)
  • Loyalty Analytics: 10.0/10 (Category avg: 8.8/10)
  • Membership: 10.0/10 (Category avg: 8.8/10)

Who Is the Company Behind Loyalzoo?

  • Seller: Loyal Zoo
  • Year Founded: 2013
  • HQ Location: London, GB
  • Twitter: @TheLoyalZoo
    4 Twitter followers
  • LinkedIn® Page: www.linkedin.com
    15 employees on LinkedIn®

Who Uses This Product?

  • Company Size: 100% Small

What Do G2 Reviewers Say About Loyalzoo?

AI-generated summary from verified user reviews

Pros
  • Users find Loyalzoo's ease of use invaluable for efficiently organizing their membership records.
  • Users love how Loyalzoo makes managing in-house membership programs effortless and efficient for customer organization.
Cons
  • Users find the integration issues with dental software like Dentrix lead to a longer payment posting process.

What Are Recent G2 Reviews of Loyalzoo?

Loyoly

Loyoly is a post-purchase engagement platform that brings together Loyalty, Referral and Wallet to orchestrate ultra-personalised customer journeys across every touchpoint. Designed for modern e-commerce brands, Loyoly helps turn every customer interaction into a growth opportunity. Powered by 40+ activation mechanisms (including UGC, reviews, referrals, data collection and social sharing) Loyoly continuously adapts to each customer’s behaviour and engagement level to unlock their full potential. From first purchase to long-term loyalty, brands can design dynamic journeys that evolve in real time, driving meaningful engagement while respecting each customer’s unique relationship with the brand. Loyoly connects natively with your e-commerce and marketing stack, including CRM, marketing automation, POS, customer reviews and support tools. This seamless integration allows brands to unify all touchpoints into a consistent post-purchase experience aligned with their brand DNA (online and in-store) without adding complexity to existing workflows. More than just a loyalty platform, Loyoly empowers brands to activate their community, amplify social proof, and turn satisfied customers into powerful growth drivers. Teams gain full visibility into customer engagement, actionable insights to optimise performance, and the flexibility to launch new activation strategies quickly. The result: higher lifetime value, stronger retention, increased social proof and lower acquisition costs. With Loyoly, brands move beyond traditional transactional loyalty programs to build lasting customer relationships, create sustainable growth loops, and maximise the impact of every post-purchase interaction, all from a single, easy-to-use platform.

Average Rating: 4.5/5.0

Total Reviews: 5

How Do G2 Users Rate Loyoly?

  • Has the product been a good partner in doing business?: 10.0/10 (Category avg: 9.1/10)

Who Is the Company Behind Loyoly?

  • Seller: Loyoly
  • Year Founded: 2020
  • HQ Location: Paris, FR
  • LinkedIn® Page: www.linkedin.com
    32 employees on LinkedIn®

Who Uses This Product?

  • Company Size: 60% Small, 40% Medium

What Do G2 Reviewers Say About Loyoly?

AI-generated summary from verified user reviews

Pros
  • Users commend the availability of customer support, enhancing their experience with Loyoly's efficient tool.
Cons
  • Users find the limited rewards system of Loyoly to be underwhelming and not very beneficial.

What Are Recent G2 Reviews of Loyoly?

Mastercard Rewards for Issuers

Boost your loyalty strategy with an optimized rewards program Mastercard Rewards Solutions help you build long-term brand affinity by delivering engaging, digital rewards programs, underpinned by our globally scalable platforms and loyalty expertise. Our capabilities enable organizations to quickly design and implement strategic rewards programs and establish profitable, long-term relationships with customers.

Average Rating: 5.0/5.0

Total Reviews: 2

Who Is the Company Behind Mastercard Rewards for Issuers?

  • Seller: Mastercard
  • Year Founded: 1966
  • HQ Location: Purchase, NY
  • Twitter: @Mastercard
    491,448 Twitter followers
  • LinkedIn® Page: www.linkedin.com
    52,021 employees on LinkedIn®
  • Ownership: NYSE - New York Stock Exchange

Who Uses This Product?

  • Company Size: 100% Large

What Do G2 Reviewers Say About Mastercard Rewards for Issuers?

AI-generated summary from verified user reviews

Pros
  • Users enjoy the ample perks provided by the Mastercard Rewards for Issuers digital rewards card.
  • Users enjoy the wealth of perks offered by the Mastercard Rewards system, enhancing their overall experience.
  • Users value the variety of perks that Mastercard Rewards offers for purchases across numerous merchants.
Cons
  • Users desire lower card costs for Mastercard Rewards, wishing for more affordable solutions.
  • Users desire lower fees for the Mastercard Rewards, expressing concerns about the excessive charges associated with it.
  • Users find the activation process time-consuming, often facing multiple hurdles before successfully activating their Mastercard Rewards.
  • Users find the activation process time-consuming, requiring multiple steps to successfully activate Mastercard Rewards.

What Are Recent G2 Reviews of Mastercard Rewards for Issuers?

MAXMA

MAXMA is a customer loyalty software powered with various marketing and communications automation features which is best suited for retail and e-commerce businesses. API-centered fast integration with POS system allows you to start growing rapidly in key performance indicators as LTV, retention rate and revenue. Contact us to learn more or to request a demo! MAXMA key features: 1. Ready-to-use loyalty programm that tracks and burns customer bonuses connected with your store cashdesk system 2. Flexible customer segmentation with various combinations of filters 3. All-in-one marketing communication platform (sms/push/e-mail/calls) 4. Built-in mechanism that empowers auto-funnels based on customer behavior with communication instruments 5. Referral programm that allows your loyal customers to become brand advocates 6. Manage all your promotional discounts, coupons and events from one platform with various sets of filters and rules 7. Combine your retail channel with e-com to achieve outsatanding results with omni-channel effect 8. Make a print, press or indoor/outdoor placements work measureably with a unique lead-capture form that can be placed on any surface

Average Rating: 5.0/5.0

Total Reviews: 1

Who Is the Company Behind MAXMA?

  • Seller: MAXMA
  • Year Founded: 2017
  • HQ Location: Amstardam, NL
  • LinkedIn® Page: www.linkedin.com
    12 employees on LinkedIn®

Who Uses This Product?

  • Company Size: 100% Small

What Are Recent G2 Reviews of MAXMA?

Alanna Iwuh
A
Researched and written by Alanna Iwuh
Updated October 3, 2024