# Top 10 CrowdStrike Falcon Shield Alternatives & Competitors **Average Rating:** 4.8/5 **Total Number of Reviews:** 33 If you are considering CrowdStrike Falcon Shield, you may also want to investigate similar alternatives or competitors to find the best solution. SaaS Security Posture Management (SSPM) Solutions is a widely used technology, and many people are seeking easy to use, user friendly software solutions with security auditing, user analytics, and api monitoring. Other important factors to consider when researching alternatives to CrowdStrike Falcon Shield include features and integration. The best overall CrowdStrike Falcon Shield alternative is Microsoft Defender for Cloud. Other similar apps like CrowdStrike Falcon Shield are Wiz, FortiCNAPP, Sumo Logic, and Okta. CrowdStrike Falcon Shield alternatives can be found in [SaaS Security Posture Management (SSPM) Solutions](https://www.g2.com/categories/saas-security-posture-management-sspm-solutions) but may also be in [Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-security-posture-management-cspm) or [Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/security-information-and-event-management-siem). ## Best Paid & Free Alternatives to CrowdStrike Falcon Shield - [Microsoft Defender for Cloud](https://www.g2.com/products/microsoft-defender-for-cloud/reviews) - [Wiz](https://www.g2.com/products/wiz-wiz/reviews) - [FortiCNAPP](https://www.g2.com/products/forticnapp/reviews) - [Sumo Logic](https://www.g2.com/products/sumo-logic/reviews) - [Okta](https://www.g2.com/products/okta/reviews) - [Coralogix](https://www.g2.com/products/coralogix/reviews) - [IBM QRadar SIEM](https://www.g2.com/products/ibm-ibm-qradar-siem/reviews) - [Cynet](https://www.g2.com/products/cynet/reviews) - [Coro Cybersecurity](https://www.g2.com/products/coro-cybersecurity/reviews) - [SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint](https://www.g2.com/products/sentinelone-singularity-endpoint/reviews) ## Top 10 Alternatives to CrowdStrike Falcon Shield Recently Reviewed By G2 Community Browse options below. Based on reviewer data, you can see how CrowdStrike Falcon Shield stacks up to the competition, check reviews from current & previous users in industries like Financial Services, Human Resources, and Oil & Energy, and find the best product for your business. ### 1. [Microsoft Defender for Cloud](https://www.g2.com/products/microsoft-defender-for-cloud/reviews) By Microsoft **Average Rating:** 4.4/5 **Total Reviews:** 380 Azure Security Center provides security management and threat protection across your hybrid cloud workloads. It allows you to prevent, detect, and respond to security threats with increased visibility. Reviewers say compared to CrowdStrike Falcon Shield, Microsoft Defender for Cloud is: - Slower to reach roi Categories in common with CrowdStrike Falcon Shield: [Cloud Security Monitoring and Analytics](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-security-monitoring-and-analytics) **Compare:** [CrowdStrike Falcon Shield vs Microsoft Defender for Cloud](https://www.g2.com/compare/crowdstrike-falcon-shield-vs-microsoft-defender-for-cloud) **Compare Microsoft Defender for Cloud with other alternatives:** - [Microsoft Defender for Cloud vs Wiz](https://www.g2.com/compare/microsoft-defender-for-cloud-vs-wiz-wiz) - [Microsoft Defender for Cloud vs FortiCNAPP](https://www.g2.com/compare/forticnapp-vs-microsoft-defender-for-cloud) - [Microsoft Defender for Cloud vs Sumo Logic](https://www.g2.com/compare/microsoft-defender-for-cloud-vs-sumo-logic) - [Microsoft Defender for Cloud vs Okta](https://www.g2.com/compare/microsoft-defender-for-cloud-vs-okta) - [Microsoft Defender for Cloud vs Coralogix](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-microsoft-defender-for-cloud) - [Microsoft Defender for Cloud vs IBM QRadar SIEM](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-ibm-qradar-siem-vs-microsoft-defender-for-cloud) - [Microsoft Defender for Cloud vs Cynet](https://www.g2.com/compare/cynet-vs-microsoft-defender-for-cloud) - [Microsoft Defender for Cloud vs Coro Cybersecurity](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-microsoft-defender-for-cloud) - [Microsoft Defender for Cloud vs SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint](https://www.g2.com/compare/microsoft-defender-for-cloud-vs-sentinelone-singularity-endpoint) ### 2. [Wiz](https://www.g2.com/products/wiz-wiz/reviews) By Wiz **Average Rating:** 4.7/5 **Total Reviews:** 826 Wiz is a CNAPP that consolidates CSPM, KSPM, CWPP, vulnerability management, IaC scanning, CIEM, DSPM, and container and Kubernetes security into a single platform. Reviewers say compared to CrowdStrike Falcon Shield, Wiz is: - Slower to reach roi Categories in common with CrowdStrike Falcon Shield: [Cloud Security Monitoring and Analytics](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-security-monitoring-and-analytics) **Compare:** [CrowdStrike Falcon Shield vs Wiz](https://www.g2.com/compare/crowdstrike-falcon-shield-vs-wiz-wiz) **Compare Wiz with other alternatives:** - [Wiz vs Microsoft Defender for Cloud](https://www.g2.com/compare/microsoft-defender-for-cloud-vs-wiz-wiz) - [Wiz vs FortiCNAPP](https://www.g2.com/compare/forticnapp-vs-wiz-wiz) - [Wiz vs Sumo Logic](https://www.g2.com/compare/sumo-logic-vs-wiz-wiz) - [Wiz vs Okta](https://www.g2.com/compare/okta-vs-wiz-wiz) - [Wiz vs Coralogix](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-wiz-wiz) - [Wiz vs IBM QRadar SIEM](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-ibm-qradar-siem-vs-wiz-wiz) - [Wiz vs Cynet](https://www.g2.com/compare/cynet-vs-wiz-wiz) - [Wiz vs Coro Cybersecurity](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-wiz-wiz) - [Wiz vs SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint](https://www.g2.com/compare/sentinelone-singularity-endpoint-vs-wiz-wiz) ### 3. [FortiCNAPP](https://www.g2.com/products/forticnapp/reviews) By Fortinet **Average Rating:** 4.4/5 **Total Reviews:** 386 FortiCNAPP is a comprehensive Cloud-Native Application Protection Platform (CNAPP) that consolidates Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM), Cloud Workload Protection (CWPP), Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management (CIEM), Kubernetes security, and compliance into a single solution. Using AI-based anomaly detection and behavioral analytics, FortiCNAPP continuously monitors cloud environments to identify misconfigurations, vulnerabilities, and active threats in real time. The platform supports agentless and agent-based deployment models, ensuring flexible coverage across diverse architectures. FortiCNAPP also integrates with the Fortinet Security Fabric, correlating cloud data with network and endpoint insights from FortiGuard, FortiSOAR, and more, delivering full-stack threat context, faster remediation, and unified risk management. Reviewers say compared to CrowdStrike Falcon Shield, FortiCNAPP is: - Slower to reach roi Categories in common with CrowdStrike Falcon Shield: [Cloud Security Monitoring and Analytics](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-security-monitoring-and-analytics) **Compare:** [CrowdStrike Falcon Shield vs FortiCNAPP](https://www.g2.com/compare/crowdstrike-falcon-shield-vs-forticnapp) **Compare FortiCNAPP with other alternatives:** - [FortiCNAPP vs Microsoft Defender for Cloud](https://www.g2.com/compare/forticnapp-vs-microsoft-defender-for-cloud) - [FortiCNAPP vs Wiz](https://www.g2.com/compare/forticnapp-vs-wiz-wiz) - [FortiCNAPP vs Sumo Logic](https://www.g2.com/compare/forticnapp-vs-sumo-logic) - [FortiCNAPP vs Okta](https://www.g2.com/compare/forticnapp-vs-okta) - [FortiCNAPP vs Coralogix](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-forticnapp) - [FortiCNAPP vs IBM QRadar SIEM](https://www.g2.com/compare/forticnapp-vs-ibm-ibm-qradar-siem) - [FortiCNAPP vs Cynet](https://www.g2.com/compare/cynet-vs-forticnapp) - [FortiCNAPP vs Coro Cybersecurity](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-forticnapp) - [FortiCNAPP vs SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint](https://www.g2.com/compare/forticnapp-vs-sentinelone-singularity-endpoint) ### 4. [Sumo Logic](https://www.g2.com/products/sumo-logic/reviews) By Sumo Logic **Average Rating:** 4.3/5 **Total Reviews:** 403 Sumo Logic enables enterprises to build analytical power that transforms daily operations into intelligent business decisions Reviewers say compared to CrowdStrike Falcon Shield, Sumo Logic is: - Slower to reach roi Categories in common with CrowdStrike Falcon Shield: [Cloud Security Monitoring and Analytics](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-security-monitoring-and-analytics) **Compare:** [CrowdStrike Falcon Shield vs Sumo Logic](https://www.g2.com/compare/crowdstrike-falcon-shield-vs-sumo-logic) **Compare Sumo Logic with other alternatives:** - [Sumo Logic vs Microsoft Defender for Cloud](https://www.g2.com/compare/microsoft-defender-for-cloud-vs-sumo-logic) - [Sumo Logic vs Wiz](https://www.g2.com/compare/sumo-logic-vs-wiz-wiz) - [Sumo Logic vs FortiCNAPP](https://www.g2.com/compare/forticnapp-vs-sumo-logic) - [Sumo Logic vs Okta](https://www.g2.com/compare/okta-vs-sumo-logic) - [Sumo Logic vs Coralogix](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-sumo-logic) - [Sumo Logic vs IBM QRadar SIEM](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-ibm-qradar-siem-vs-sumo-logic) - [Sumo Logic vs Cynet](https://www.g2.com/compare/cynet-vs-sumo-logic) - [Sumo Logic vs Coro Cybersecurity](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-sumo-logic) - [Sumo Logic vs SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint](https://www.g2.com/compare/sentinelone-singularity-endpoint-vs-sumo-logic) ### 5. [Okta](https://www.g2.com/products/okta/reviews) By Okta **Average Rating:** 4.5/5 **Total Reviews:** 1,317 Okta is The World’s Identity Company™. As the leading independent Identity partner, we free everyone to safely use any technology — anywhere, on any device or app. The most trusted brands trust Okta to enable secure access, authentication, and automation. With flexibility and neutrality at the core of our Okta Workforce Identity and Customer Identity Clouds, business leaders and developers can focus on innovation and accelerate digital transformation, thanks to customizable solutions and more than 7,000 pre-built integrations. We’re building a world where Identity belongs to you. Learn more at okta.com. Reviewers say compared to CrowdStrike Falcon Shield, Okta is: - Slower to reach roi Categories in common with CrowdStrike Falcon Shield: [Identity Threat Detection and Response (ITDR)](https://www.g2.com/categories/identity-threat-detection-and-response-itdr) **Compare:** [CrowdStrike Falcon Shield vs Okta](https://www.g2.com/compare/crowdstrike-falcon-shield-vs-okta) **Compare Okta with other alternatives:** - [Okta vs Microsoft Defender for Cloud](https://www.g2.com/compare/microsoft-defender-for-cloud-vs-okta) - [Okta vs Wiz](https://www.g2.com/compare/okta-vs-wiz-wiz) - [Okta vs FortiCNAPP](https://www.g2.com/compare/forticnapp-vs-okta) - [Okta vs Sumo Logic](https://www.g2.com/compare/okta-vs-sumo-logic) - [Okta vs Coralogix](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-okta) - [Okta vs IBM QRadar SIEM](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-ibm-qradar-siem-vs-okta) - [Okta vs Cynet](https://www.g2.com/compare/cynet-vs-okta) - [Okta vs Coro Cybersecurity](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-okta) - [Okta vs SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint](https://www.g2.com/compare/okta-vs-sentinelone-singularity-endpoint) ### 6. [Coralogix](https://www.g2.com/products/coralogix/reviews) By Coralogix **Average Rating:** 4.6/5 **Total Reviews:** 343 Coralogix is a stateful streaming data platform that provides real-time insights and long-term trend analysis with no reliance on storage or indexing, solving the monitoring challenges of data growth in large scale systems. Reviewers say compared to CrowdStrike Falcon Shield, Coralogix is: - Slower to reach roi Categories in common with CrowdStrike Falcon Shield: [Cloud Security Monitoring and Analytics](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-security-monitoring-and-analytics) **Compare:** [CrowdStrike Falcon Shield vs Coralogix](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-crowdstrike-falcon-shield) **Compare Coralogix with other alternatives:** - [Coralogix vs Microsoft Defender for Cloud](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-microsoft-defender-for-cloud) - [Coralogix vs Wiz](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-wiz-wiz) - [Coralogix vs FortiCNAPP](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-forticnapp) - [Coralogix vs Sumo Logic](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-sumo-logic) - [Coralogix vs Okta](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-okta) - [Coralogix vs IBM QRadar SIEM](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-ibm-ibm-qradar-siem) - [Coralogix vs Cynet](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-cynet) - [Coralogix vs Coro Cybersecurity](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-coro-cybersecurity) - [Coralogix vs SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-sentinelone-singularity-endpoint) ### 7. [IBM QRadar SIEM](https://www.g2.com/products/ibm-ibm-qradar-siem/reviews) By IBM **Average Rating:** 4.4/5 **Total Reviews:** 337 IBM QRadar is designed to collect logs, events, network flows and user behavior across your entire enterprise, correlates that against threat intelligence and vulnerability data to detect known threats, and applies advanced analytics to identify anomalies that may signal unknown threats. The solution then uniquely connects the end-to-end chain of activity associated with a single potential incident, and provides prioritized alerts based on severity, helping quickly uncover critical threats while reducing false positives. Reviewers say compared to CrowdStrike Falcon Shield, IBM QRadar SIEM is: - Slower to reach roi Categories in common with CrowdStrike Falcon Shield: [Cloud Security Monitoring and Analytics](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-security-monitoring-and-analytics) **Compare:** [CrowdStrike Falcon Shield vs IBM QRadar SIEM](https://www.g2.com/compare/crowdstrike-falcon-shield-vs-ibm-ibm-qradar-siem) **Compare IBM QRadar SIEM with other alternatives:** - [IBM QRadar SIEM vs Microsoft Defender for Cloud](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-ibm-qradar-siem-vs-microsoft-defender-for-cloud) - [IBM QRadar SIEM vs Wiz](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-ibm-qradar-siem-vs-wiz-wiz) - [IBM QRadar SIEM vs FortiCNAPP](https://www.g2.com/compare/forticnapp-vs-ibm-ibm-qradar-siem) - [IBM QRadar SIEM vs Sumo Logic](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-ibm-qradar-siem-vs-sumo-logic) - [IBM QRadar SIEM vs Okta](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-ibm-qradar-siem-vs-okta) - [IBM QRadar SIEM vs Coralogix](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-ibm-ibm-qradar-siem) - [IBM QRadar SIEM vs Cynet](https://www.g2.com/compare/cynet-vs-ibm-ibm-qradar-siem) - [IBM QRadar SIEM vs Coro Cybersecurity](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-ibm-ibm-qradar-siem) - [IBM QRadar SIEM vs SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-ibm-qradar-siem-vs-sentinelone-singularity-endpoint) ### 8. [Cynet](https://www.g2.com/products/cynet/reviews) By Cynet **Average Rating:** 4.7/5 **Total Reviews:** 257 AutoXDR™ converges multiple technologies (EPP, EDR, UBA, Deception, Network Analytics and vulnerability management), with a 24/7 cyber SWAT team, to provide unparalleled visibility and defend all domains of your internal network: endpoints, network, files and users, from all types of attacks. Reviewers say compared to CrowdStrike Falcon Shield, Cynet is: - Slower to reach roi - Easier to set up Categories in common with CrowdStrike Falcon Shield: [SaaS Security Posture Management (SSPM) Solutions](https://www.g2.com/categories/saas-security-posture-management-sspm-solutions) **Compare:** [CrowdStrike Falcon Shield vs Cynet](https://www.g2.com/compare/crowdstrike-falcon-shield-vs-cynet) **Compare Cynet with other alternatives:** - [Cynet vs Microsoft Defender for Cloud](https://www.g2.com/compare/cynet-vs-microsoft-defender-for-cloud) - [Cynet vs Wiz](https://www.g2.com/compare/cynet-vs-wiz-wiz) - [Cynet vs FortiCNAPP](https://www.g2.com/compare/cynet-vs-forticnapp) - [Cynet vs Sumo Logic](https://www.g2.com/compare/cynet-vs-sumo-logic) - [Cynet vs Okta](https://www.g2.com/compare/cynet-vs-okta) - [Cynet vs Coralogix](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-cynet) - [Cynet vs IBM QRadar SIEM](https://www.g2.com/compare/cynet-vs-ibm-ibm-qradar-siem) - [Cynet vs Coro Cybersecurity](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-cynet) - [Cynet vs SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint](https://www.g2.com/compare/cynet-vs-sentinelone-singularity-endpoint) ### 9. [Coro Cybersecurity](https://www.g2.com/products/coro-cybersecurity/reviews) By Coronet **Average Rating:** 4.7/5 **Total Reviews:** 232 Monitors your cloud applications for data leaks, cyber-threats and regulatory violations that put your business at risk. Reviewers say compared to CrowdStrike Falcon Shield, Coro Cybersecurity is: - Slower to reach roi - Easier to set up - More usable Categories in common with CrowdStrike Falcon Shield: [Cloud Security Monitoring and Analytics](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-security-monitoring-and-analytics) **Compare:** [CrowdStrike Falcon Shield vs Coro Cybersecurity](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-crowdstrike-falcon-shield) **Compare Coro Cybersecurity with other alternatives:** - [Coro Cybersecurity vs Microsoft Defender for Cloud](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-microsoft-defender-for-cloud) - [Coro Cybersecurity vs Wiz](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-wiz-wiz) - [Coro Cybersecurity vs FortiCNAPP](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-forticnapp) - [Coro Cybersecurity vs Sumo Logic](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-sumo-logic) - [Coro Cybersecurity vs Okta](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-okta) - [Coro Cybersecurity vs Coralogix](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-coro-cybersecurity) - [Coro Cybersecurity vs IBM QRadar SIEM](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-ibm-ibm-qradar-siem) - [Coro Cybersecurity vs Cynet](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-cynet) - [Coro Cybersecurity vs SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-sentinelone-singularity-endpoint) ### 10. [SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint](https://www.g2.com/products/sentinelone-singularity-endpoint/reviews) By SentinelOne **Average Rating:** 4.7/5 **Total Reviews:** 202 Stop known and unknown threats on all platforms using sophisticated machine learning and intelligent automation. SentinelOne predicts malicious behavior across all vectors, rapidly eliminates threats with a fully-automated incident response protocol, and adapts defenses against the most advanced cyber attacks. Reviewers say compared to CrowdStrike Falcon Shield, SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint is: - Slower to reach roi Categories in common with CrowdStrike Falcon Shield: [Identity Threat Detection and Response (ITDR)](https://www.g2.com/categories/identity-threat-detection-and-response-itdr) **Compare:** [CrowdStrike Falcon Shield vs SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint](https://www.g2.com/compare/crowdstrike-falcon-shield-vs-sentinelone-singularity-endpoint) **Compare SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint with other alternatives:** - [SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint vs Microsoft Defender for Cloud](https://www.g2.com/compare/microsoft-defender-for-cloud-vs-sentinelone-singularity-endpoint) - [SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint vs Wiz](https://www.g2.com/compare/sentinelone-singularity-endpoint-vs-wiz-wiz) - [SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint vs FortiCNAPP](https://www.g2.com/compare/forticnapp-vs-sentinelone-singularity-endpoint) - [SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint vs Sumo Logic](https://www.g2.com/compare/sentinelone-singularity-endpoint-vs-sumo-logic) - [SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint vs Okta](https://www.g2.com/compare/okta-vs-sentinelone-singularity-endpoint) - [SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint vs Coralogix](https://www.g2.com/compare/coralogix-vs-sentinelone-singularity-endpoint) - [SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint vs IBM QRadar SIEM](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-ibm-qradar-siem-vs-sentinelone-singularity-endpoint) - [SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint vs Cynet](https://www.g2.com/compare/cynet-vs-sentinelone-singularity-endpoint) - [SentinelOne Singularity Endpoint vs Coro Cybersecurity](https://www.g2.com/compare/coro-cybersecurity-vs-sentinelone-singularity-endpoint) ## Explore Articles - [customer success tools](https://www.g2.com/discussions/which-customer-success-tools-make-the-biggest-difference-in-your-day-to-day-work) - [Best customer success software for small tech startups](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-s-the-best-customer-success-software-for-small-tech-startups) - [Best platforms for collaborative content creation](https://www.g2.com/discussions/which-are-the-best-platforms-for-collaborative-content-creation) - [Best tools for employee turnover prediction](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-are-the-best-tools-for-employee-turnover-prediction) - [Is there a sales training platform that actually works for a 10 to 30 person sales team that cannot afford a full enterprise learning suite but needs more than YouTube?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/s-there-a-sales-training-platform-that-actually-works-for-a-10-to-30-person-sales-team-that-cannot-afford-a-full-enterprise-learning-suite-but-needs-more-than-youtube ) - [Which cloud security monitoring platforms work best for a fintech or healthcare company that has strict regulatory requirements around cloud data and audit trails?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/which-cloud-security-monitoring-platforms-work-best-for-a-fintech-or-healthcare-company-that-has-strict-regulatory-requirements-around-cloud-data-and-audit-trails) ## Spotlight Categories - [Product Analytics Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/product-analytics) - [Virtual Data Room Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/virtual-data-room-vdr) - [HCM Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/hcm-software)