# Signal vs Virtru Email Encryption Comparison
---
## AI Generated Summary
- **G2 reviewers report** that Virtru Email Encryption excels in user-friendliness, with many praising its **one-click toggle button feature** that simplifies the encryption process. Users appreciate how easy it is to set up and integrate with platforms like Gmail, making it a preferred choice for secure email communication.
- **Users say** that Signal stands out for its strong focus on **privacy and security**. Reviewers highlight the app's ability to keep chats secure, emphasizing that no one can access their information, which is a crucial feature for those prioritizing confidentiality in their communications.
- **According to verified reviews** , Virtru Email Encryption has a higher overall satisfaction score, reflecting its effectiveness in meeting user needs for **data protection**. Users mention that it helps keep sensitive information, such as patient data, safe and secure, which is vital in professional settings.
- **Reviewers mention** that while Signal is easy to use for messaging, it may not offer the same level of **file transfer encryption** as Virtru. Users looking for comprehensive data protection across various formats may find Virtru's capabilities more robust.
- **G2 reviewers highlight** that Virtru Email Encryption's support quality is rated higher, with users noting that the **authentication process** is simple and the setup is user-friendly. This level of support can be a significant advantage for businesses needing reliable assistance during implementation.
- **Users report** that Signal is particularly effective for small businesses, as indicated by its user base, but may lack some advanced features that larger organizations might require. In contrast, Virtru's focus on mid-market solutions provides a more tailored experience for users with specific encryption needs.



| | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Star Rating** | 4.4 out of 5 | 4.4 out of 5 | 
| **Total Reviews** | 454 | 416 | 
| **Largest Market Segment** | Small-Business (66.9% of reviews) | Mid-Market (46.5% of reviews) | 
| **Entry Level Price** | No pricing available | Starting at $119.00 5 Users Per Month | 

---
## Top Pros & Cons

### Signal

Pros:
- Security (53 reviews)
- Ease of Use (33 reviews)

Cons:
- Missing Features (14 reviews)
- File Sharing Issues (7 reviews)

### Virtru Email Encryption

Pros:
- Ease of Use (73 reviews)
- Security (70 reviews)

Cons:
- Email Issues (47 reviews)
- Email Encryption Issues (37 reviews)

---
## Ratings Comparison
| Rating | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
  | **Meets Requirements** | 8.9 (282 reviews) | 9.3 (325 reviews) | 
  | **Ease of Use** | 9.0 (288 reviews) | 9.1 (327 reviews) | 
  | **Ease of Setup** | 9.3 (53 reviews) | 9.2 (179 reviews) | 
  | **Ease of Admin** | 8.9 (35 reviews) | 8.9 (115 reviews) | 
  | **Quality of Support** | 8.5 (233 reviews) | 8.8 (243 reviews) | 
  | **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?** | 9.4 (32 reviews) | 8.9 (114 reviews) | 
  | **Product Direction (% positive)** | 8.3 (251 reviews) | 8.3 (305 reviews) | 

---
## Pricing

### Signal

#### Entry-Level Pricing

No pricing available

#### Free Trial

No information available

### Virtru Email Encryption

#### Entry-Level Pricing

Plan: Starter Data Protection Package

Price: Starting at $119.00 5 Users Per Month

Description: For small businesses seeking simple email data protection. Includes 5 users.

Key Features:
- Securely send end-to-end encrypted email & attachments
- Supports Microsoft M365, and Google Workspace
- Set expiration dates and revoke access as needed

[Browse all 4 editions](https://www.g2.com/products/virtru-email-encryption/pricing)

#### Free Trial

No

---
## Features Comparison By Category

### HIPAA Compliant Messaging

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Signal** | N/A | N/A |
| **Virtru Email Encryption** | 9.5/10 | 55 |

#### Platform

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **User Authorization - HIPAA Compliant Messaging** | Not enough data | 9.5 (47 reviews) | 
| **Compliant Texting - HIPAA Compliant Messaging** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 
| **Compliant Emailing - HIPAA Compliant Messaging** | Not enough data | 9.6 (52 reviews) | 
| **Clinical Communication - HIPAA Compliance** | Not enough data | 9.7 (30 reviews) | 
| **HIPAA Compliance - HIPAA Compliant Messaging** | Not enough data | 9.5 (35 reviews) | 
| **Operating Systems - HIPAA Compliant Messaging** | Not enough data | 9.4 (44 reviews) | 
| **Message Lifespan - HIPAA Compliant Messaging** | Not enough data | 9.3 (46 reviews) | 
| **Workflow Enhancement - HIPAA Compliant Messaging** | Not enough data | 9.3 (44 reviews) | 

### Cloud Data Security

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Signal** | N/A | N/A |
| **Virtru Email Encryption** | 8.8/10 | 27 |

#### Data Protection

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Data Masking** | Not enough data | 8.8 (20 reviews) | 
| **Data Encryption/Security** | Not enough data | 9.4 (24 reviews) | 
| **Data loss Prevention** | Not enough data | 8.8 (19 reviews) | 
| **Anomoly Detection** | Not enough data | 8.7 (14 reviews) | 
| **Sensitive Data Compliance** | Not enough data | 9.1 (19 reviews) | 

#### Analysis

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Cloud Gap Analytics** | Not enough data | 8.5 (14 reviews) | 
| **Compliance Monitoring** | Not enough data | 8.8 (16 reviews) | 
| **User Analytics** | Not enough data | 8.3 (16 reviews) | 

#### Administration

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Auditing** | Not enough data | 8.8 (15 reviews) | 
| **Data Discovery** | Not enough data | 8.6 (15 reviews) | 
| **Access Control** | Not enough data | 9.0 (16 reviews) | 

### Data-Centric Security

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Signal** | N/A | N/A |
| **Virtru Email Encryption** | 8.9/10 | 30 |

#### Data Protection

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Sensitive Data Discovery** | Not enough data | 8.4 (21 reviews) | 
| **Structured and Unstructured Data** | Not enough data | 8.8 (19 reviews) | 
| **Encryption** | Not enough data | 9.6 (25 reviews) | 
| **Persistent Protection** | Not enough data | 9.3 (22 reviews) | 
| **Data Masking** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 
| **Data Governance and Access Management** | Not enough data | 8.9 (20 reviews) | 
| **Audit and Reporting** | Not enough data | 9.0 (17 reviews) | 

#### Compliance

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **At-Risk Analysis** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 
| **DLP Configuration** | Not enough data | 8.7 (18 reviews) | 

#### Usability

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Visualization** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 
| **AI Algorithyms** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 
| **Cross-Platforms** | Not enough data | 9.1 (19 reviews) | 

### Encryption Key Management

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Signal** | N/A | N/A |
| **Virtru Email Encryption** | N/A | N/A |

#### Functionality

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Durability** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 
| **Envelope Encryption** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 
| **Automation** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 

#### Availability

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **API/Integrations** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 
| **Service Integration** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 
| **Regional Support** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Scalability** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Administration

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Auditing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Compliance** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Management Console** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

### Cloud File Security

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Signal** | N/A | N/A |
| **Virtru Email Encryption** | 8.9/10 | 26 |

#### Security

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Encrypted Storage** | Not enough data | 9.5 (20 reviews) | 
| **Anomoly Detection** | Not enough data | 8.3 (15 reviews) | 
| **Data loss Prevention** | Not enough data | 9.5 (16 reviews) | 
| **Policy Enforcement** | Not enough data | 9.2 (18 reviews) | 

#### Administration

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Reporting and Monitoring** | Not enough data | 8.6 (16 reviews) | 
| **Breadth of Partner Applications** | Not enough data | 8.2 (14 reviews) | 
| **Auditing** | Not enough data | 8.6 (15 reviews) | 

#### Access Control

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **User, Role, and Access Management** | Not enough data | 9.2 (19 reviews) | 
| **Access Rights** | Not enough data | 9.1 (16 reviews) | 
| **User Analytics** | Not enough data | 8.5 (16 reviews) | 
| **Compliance Monitoring** | Not enough data | 8.8 (17 reviews) | 

### Intelligent Email Protection

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Signal** | N/A | N/A |
| **Virtru Email Encryption** | 9.0/10 | 10 |

#### Administration

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Compliance** | Not enough data | 9.6 (8 reviews) | 
| **Intelligence Reporting** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 
| **Email Clients** | Not enough data | 8.3 (10 reviews) | 
| **Role-Based Rules** | Not enough data | 8.5 (9 reviews) | 

#### Detection

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Data Exfiltration Detection** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 
| **Activity Monitoring** | Not enough data | 9.2 (8 reviews) | 
| **Real-Time Detection** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 

#### Protection

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Targeted Attack Prevention** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Policy Enforcement** | Not enough data | 9.3 (9 reviews) | 
| **Spam Filtering** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 

#### Agentic AI - Intelligent Email Protection

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Autonomous Task Execution** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Adaptive Learning** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

### Secure Email Gateway

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Signal** | N/A | N/A |
| **Virtru Email Encryption** | 9.0/10 | 32 |

#### Functionality

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Anti-Spam** | Not enough data | 9.2 (15 reviews) | 
| **Anti-Malware** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 
| **Anti-Phishing** | Not enough data | 9.2 (15 reviews) | 
| **Filtering Functionality** | Not enough data | 9.3 (16 reviews) | 
| **Quarantine** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 
| **Outbound Email Monitoring** | Not enough data | 8.8 (28 reviews) | 
| **Advanced Threat Intelligence/Protection** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 
| **Archiving** | Not enough data | 9.0 (14 reviews) | 
| **Reporting** | Not enough data | 8.9 (24 reviews) | 
| **On-prem deployment** | Not enough data | 9.0 (22 reviews) | 

#### Agentic AI - Secure Email Gateway

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Proactive Assistance** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

### Email Encryption

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Signal** | N/A | N/A |
| **Virtru Email Encryption** | 8.9/10 | 113 |

#### Encryption Techniques - Email Encryption

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Encryption Algorithms** | Not enough data | 8.9 (82 reviews) | 
| **Transport Encryption** | Not enough data | 9.0 (83 reviews) | 
| **End-to-End Encryption** | Not enough data | 9.3 (87 reviews) | 

#### Authentication, Verification, and Access Controls - Email Encryption

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Revocation Mechanisms** | Not enough data | 9.0 (85 reviews) | 
| **Access Controls** | Not enough data | 9.0 (82 reviews) | 
| **Digital Signatures** | Not enough data | 9.0 (82 reviews) | 
| **Certificate Authorities** | Not enough data | 8.9 (82 reviews) | 

#### Security Enhancements and Auditing - Email Encryption

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Malware Scanning** | Not enough data | 8.7 (82 reviews) | 
| **Reporting** | Not enough data | 8.7 (83 reviews) | 
| **Audit Trails** | Not enough data | 8.9 (82 reviews) | 
| **Data Loss Prevention (DLP)** | Not enough data | 8.6 (83 reviews) | 

#### Integration, Compatibility, and Usability - Email Encryption

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **User-Friendly Interfaces** | Not enough data | 9.1 (104 reviews) | 
| **APIs and SDKs** | Not enough data | 8.4 (82 reviews) | 
| **Email Client Integration** | Not enough data | 8.8 (96 reviews) | 
| **Automation** | Not enough data | 8.6 (91 reviews) | 

### Cloud Security

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Signal** | N/A | N/A |
| **Virtru Email Encryption** | N/A | N/A |

#### Cloud Visibility

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Data Discovery** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Cloud Registry** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Cloud Gap Analytics** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Security

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Data Security** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Data loss Prevention** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Security Auditing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Identity

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **SSO** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Governance** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **User Analytics** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

### Encryption

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Signal** | 8.6/10 | 12 |
| **Virtru Email Encryption** | 9.1/10 | 83 |

#### Encryption

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Email Encryption** | 8.0 (5 reviews) | 9.4 (83 reviews) | 
| **Messaging Encryption** | 9.4 (12 reviews) | Feature Not Available | 
| **File Transfer Encryption** | 7.9 (7 reviews) | 9.4 (62 reviews) | 
| **Data Encryption** | 9.0 (8 reviews) | 9.3 (60 reviews) | 
| **Document Encryption** | 8.3 (6 reviews) | 9.4 (63 reviews) | 
| **Full-Disk Encryption** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 

#### Compliance

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Authentication** | 9.0 (7 reviews) | 9.3 (60 reviews) | 
| **Policy Enforcement** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 
| **Access Management** | Not enough data | 8.9 (49 reviews) | 

#### Management

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Backup** | 8.8 (7 reviews) | 8.6 (44 reviews) | 
| **Recovery** | 8.0 (5 reviews) | 8.7 (43 reviews) | 
| **File Management** | Not enough data | 8.7 (46 reviews) | 
| **Anomaly Detection** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 

### Data Security

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Signal** | N/A | N/A |
| **Virtru Email Encryption** | N/A | N/A |

#### Compliance

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Access Management** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **At-Risk Analysis** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **DLP Configuration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Sensitive Data Compliance** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Administration

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Database Management** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Deduplication ** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Backup** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **API / integrations** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Security 

| Feature | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Multi-Factor Authentication** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Data Transport** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Data Types** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Security Tools** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

---
## Categories
**Shared Categories (1):** [Encryption Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/encryption-software)


**Unique to Virtru Email Encryption (8):** [Cloud File Security Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-file-security), [Encryption Key Management Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/encryption-key-management), [Data-Centric Security Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/data-centric-security), [Cloud Data Security Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-data-security), [Email Encryption Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/email-encryption), [HIPAA Compliant Messaging Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/hipaa-compliant-messaging), [Secure Email Gateway Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/secure-email-gateway), [Intelligent Email Protection Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/intelligent-email-protection)


---
## Reviewer Demographics

### By Company Size

| Segment | Signal | Virtru Email Encryption | 
|---|---|---|
| **Small-Business** | 66.9% | 39.2% | 
| **Mid-Market** | 22.1% | 46.5% | 
| **Enterprise** | 11.0% | 14.3% | 

### By Industry

#### Signal

- **Information Technology and Services:** 16.6%
- **Computer Software:** 9.4%
- **Marketing and Advertising:** 5.2%
- **Computer & Network Security:** 3.6%
- **Education Management:** 3.1%
- **Financial Services:** 2.7%
- **Telecommunications:** 2.5%
- **Non-Profit Organization Management:** 2.2%
- **Broadcast Media:** 2.2%
- **Higher Education:** 2.2%
- **Other:** 50.1%

#### Virtru Email Encryption

- **Hospital & Health Care:** 20.3%
- **Health, Wellness and Fitness:** 7.3%
- **Medical Practice:** 7.3%
- **Mental Health Care:** 6.8%
- **Non-Profit Organization Management:** 5.1%
- **Accounting:** 4.8%
- **Insurance:** 3.5%
- **Education Management:** 3.5%
- **Primary/Secondary Education:** 3.0%
- **Financial Services:** 2.8%
- **Other:** 35.4%

---
## Alternatives

### Alternatives to Signal

- [BBM Enterprise](https://www.g2.com/products/bbm-enterprise/reviews) — 3.9/5 stars (20 reviews)
- [Keeper Password Manager](https://www.g2.com/products/keeper-password-manager/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (1234 reviews)
- [Progress MOVEit](https://www.g2.com/products/progress-moveit/reviews) — 4.4/5 stars (528 reviews)
- [BlackBerry UEM](https://www.g2.com/products/blackberry-uem/reviews) — 3.8/5 stars (376 reviews)
- [WatchGuard Network Security](https://www.g2.com/products/watchguard-network-security/reviews) — 4.7/5 stars (267 reviews)
- [Kaspersky Next Optimum](https://www.g2.com/products/kaspersky-next-optimum/reviews) — 4.3/5 stars (208 reviews)
- [Tresorit](https://www.g2.com/products/tresorit/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (260 reviews)
- [FileVault](https://www.g2.com/products/filevault/reviews) — 4.3/5 stars (35 reviews)
- [Microsoft BitLocker](https://www.g2.com/products/microsoft-bitlocker/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (25 reviews)
- [Virtru Secure Share](https://www.g2.com/products/virtru-secure-share/reviews) — 4.3/5 stars (119 reviews)

### Alternatives to Virtru Email Encryption

- [Paubox](https://www.g2.com/products/paubox/reviews) — 4.9/5 stars (583 reviews)
- [Proofpoint Core Email Protection](https://www.g2.com/products/proofpoint-core-email-protection/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (601 reviews)
- [Egnyte](https://www.g2.com/products/egnyte/reviews) — 4.4/5 stars (1160 reviews)
- [Progress MOVEit](https://www.g2.com/products/progress-moveit/reviews) — 4.4/5 stars (528 reviews)
- [Mimecast Advanced Email Security](https://www.g2.com/products/mimecast-advanced-email-security/reviews) — 4.4/5 stars (320 reviews)
- [Proton Mail For Business](https://www.g2.com/products/proton-mail-for-business/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (427 reviews)
- [Cisco Duo](https://www.g2.com/products/cisco-duo/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (517 reviews)
- [BetterCloud](https://www.g2.com/products/bettercloud/reviews) — 4.4/5 stars (486 reviews)
- [CyberSentriq](https://www.g2.com/products/cybersentriq/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (391 reviews)
- [Weave](https://www.g2.com/products/weave-weave/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (433 reviews)

---
## Top Discussions

### Signal

- Title: [Is Signal app really safe?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/is-signal-app-really-safe) — 6 comments
  > **Top comment:** "yes it is "
- Title: [What is the signal app used for?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-is-the-signal-app-used-for) — 2 comments
  > **Top comment:** "Communication "
- Title: [Is Signal private messenger legit?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/is-signal-private-messenger-legit) — 2 comments, 1 upvote
  > **Top comment:** "Yes, it's encrypted and private."
- Title: [Would you prefer signal or whatsapp?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/would-you-prefer-signal-or-whatsapp) — 2 comments, 1 upvote
  > **Top comment:** "Personally, Signal would be my choice. Far more modern and intuitive than WhatsApp, with end-to-end encryption. WhatsApp has been known to have issues with..."
- Title: [What’s the future for signal?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-s-the-future-for-signal) — 2 comments, 1 upvote
  > **Top comment:** "Signal will grow more if whatsapp will make mistakes in future."

### Virtru Email Encryption

- Title: [What is Virtru?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-is-virtru) — 6 comments
  > **Top comment:** "An easy way to send data in an encrypted format. "
- Title: [What is Virtru email?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-is-virtru-email) — 1 comment
  > **Top comment:** "Virtru is a secure email service that allows users to send and receive private, encrypted messages. Virtru uses end-to-end encryption, which means that only..."
- Title: [How much does Virtru cost?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/how-much-does-virtru-cost) — 1 comment
  > **Top comment:** "It's free of charge."
- Title: [Is Virtru secure?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/is-virtru-secure) — 1 comment
  > **Top comment:** "yes"
- Title: [How do I improve the performance of the application?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/49765-how-do-i-improve-the-performance-of-the-application) — 1 comment, 1 upvote
  > **Top comment:** "Hello Uliser-

To ensure you get the best experience, please contact our client support team directly at Support@virtru.com to help with this.  

Thank..."

---
**Source:** [G2.com](https://www.g2.com) | [Comparison Page](https://www.g2.com/compare/open-whisper-systems-signal-vs-virtru-email-encryption)