# Microsoft Publisher, QuarkXPress vs Google Workspace Comparison

| | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Star Rating** | 4.3 out of 5 | 4.0 out of 5 | 4.6 out of 5 | 
| **Total Reviews** | 1,005 | 304 | 48,059 | 
| **Largest Market Segment** | Small-Business (47.6% of reviews) | Small-Business (79.9% of reviews) | Small-Business (46.3% of reviews) | 
| **Entry Level Price** | No pricing available | $699.00 1 Perpetual License With One-Time Purchase | $6.00 Per Month | 

---
## Top Pros & Cons

### Microsoft Publisher

Pros:
- Ease of Use (4 reviews)
- Layout Design (3 reviews)

Cons:
- Design Limitations (1 reviews)
- Export Issues (1 reviews)

### QuarkXPress

Pros:
- Animations (1 reviews)
- Features (1 reviews)

Cons:
- Learning Curve (1 reviews)
- Steep Learning Curve (1 reviews)

### Google Workspace

Pros:
- Ease of Use (1396 reviews)
- Team Collaboration (1000 reviews)

Cons:
- Missing Features (591 reviews)
- Limited Features (545 reviews)

---
## Ratings Comparison
| Rating | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
  | **Meets Requirements** | 8.7 (898 reviews) | 8.1 (230 reviews) | 9.1 (38057 reviews) | 
  | **Ease of Use** | 8.8 (906 reviews) | 7.9 (234 reviews) | 9.3 (38292 reviews) | 
  | **Ease of Setup** | 9.1 (91 reviews) | 8.5 (47 reviews) | 9.2 (10179 reviews) | 
  | **Ease of Admin** | 9.0 (74 reviews) | 8.2 (46 reviews) | 9.0 (8609 reviews) | 
  | **Quality of Support** | 8.4 (643 reviews) | 7.9 (191 reviews) | 8.6 (30333 reviews) | 
  | **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?** | 8.5 (60 reviews) | 8.1 (42 reviews) | 9.0 (7938 reviews) | 
  | **Product Direction (% positive)** | 7.2 (889 reviews) | 6.0 (224 reviews) | 8.7 (36711 reviews) | 

---
## Pricing

### Microsoft Publisher

#### Entry-Level Pricing

No pricing available

#### Free Trial

No information available

### QuarkXPress

#### Entry-Level Pricing

Plan: Perpetual License

Price: $699.00 1 Perpetual License With One-Time Purchase

Key Features:
- QuarkXPress is available as a perpetual license for those who prefer this traditional licensing model. You will own the license for this version of the software indefinitely but without upgrades, updates and technical support.

[Browse all 2 editions](https://www.g2.com/products/quarkxpress/pricing)

#### Free Trial

Yes

### Google Workspace

#### Entry-Level Pricing

Plan: Business Starter

Price: $6.00 Per Month

Key Features:
- Custom and secure business email
- 100 participant video meetings
- 30 GB storage per user

[Browse all 3 editions](https://www.g2.com/products/google-workspace/pricing)

#### Free Trial

Yes

---
## Features Comparison By Category

### Cloud Content Collaboration

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | 8.9/10 | 9345 |

#### File Management

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Device Syncing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.2 (8059 reviews) | 
| **Web Interface** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.1 (8105 reviews) | 
| **File Type Support** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.1 (8194 reviews) | 
| **Search** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.9 (8237 reviews) | 
| **Mobile Apps** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (7823 reviews) | 

#### Agentic AI - Cloud Content Collaboration

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Autonomous Task Execution** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 7.6 (129 reviews) | 
| **Cross-system Integration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.0 (132 reviews) | 
| **Natural Language Interaction** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.0 (129 reviews) | 

#### Collaboration

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **File following** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (7589 reviews) | 
| **File Sharing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.4 (8443 reviews) | 
| **Simultaneously Editing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.2 (7940 reviews) | 
| **Change Tracking / Audit Logs** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.8 (6877 reviews) | 

#### Administration

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **User and Role Management** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.1 (6066 reviews) | 
| **Policies and Controls** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.9 (5880 reviews) | 
| **Device Management** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.1 (5827 reviews) | 
| **Storage Limits** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.4 (6320 reviews) | 
| **Storage Zones** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.7 (5306 reviews) | 
| **Security** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.1 (6445 reviews) | 

#### Platform

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Performance and Reliability** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.3 (2158 reviews) | 
| **Reporting and Auditing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.8 (1745 reviews) | 
| **System of Record Integration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.8 (1673 reviews) | 
| **APIs** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.8 (1512 reviews) | 

### Team Collaboration

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | N/A | N/A |

#### Communication

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Status Updates** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Instant Messaging** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Activity Feed** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Notifications** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Comments and Voting** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Discussions** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **User Directory** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Online Status of Coworkers** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Content Management

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **File Sharing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Document Collaboration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Version Control** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Tagging** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Knowledge Base** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Surveys** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Productivity Tools

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Task Management** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Calendar** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Search** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Mobile** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Multi-Language Support** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Administration

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Moderation** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **User, Role, and Access Management** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Performance and Reliability** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

### Content Marketing

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | N/A | N/A |

#### Content Creation

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Content Creation Tools** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Content Curation** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Buyer Personas** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Content Management** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Optimization

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **SEO** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **A/B Testing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Dashboards & Reporting** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Audience Targeting** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **ROI Reporting** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Logistics

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Customizable Templated Workflows** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Internal Communication** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Version Control** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Editing and Approval Tools** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Distribution Features** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Integrations & APIs** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **User, Role, and Access Management** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

### Business Instant Messaging

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | 8.6/10 | 2748 |

#### Business Instant Messaging

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **File Sharing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.8 (2115 reviews) | 
| **Notifications** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.8 (2238 reviews) | 
| **Search** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.7 (2053 reviews) | 

#### Business Instant Messaging 

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Audio Conferencing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (2190 reviews) | 
| **Video Conferencing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (2245 reviews) | 

#### Business Instant Messaging

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Mobile Application** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (2281 reviews) | 
| **Web Application** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.1 (2348 reviews) | 
| **Integrations** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.7 (1893 reviews) | 

#### Generative AI - Business Instant Messaging

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Text Summarization** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.3 (258 reviews) | 

#### AI - Business Instant Messaging

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **AI Powered Search** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.2 (252 reviews) | 
| **Smart Notifications** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.3 (251 reviews) | 
| **AI Powered Language Translation** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.2 (249 reviews) | 
| **Content Generation** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.3 (250 reviews) | 

#### Agentic AI - Business Instant Messaging

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Cross-system Integration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.2 (138 reviews) | 
| **Natural Language Interaction** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.2 (137 reviews) | 

### Screen Sharing

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | 8.7/10 | 3769 |

#### Presenter Tools

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Live Preview** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.9 (2812 reviews) | 
| **Notifications Blocker** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.4 (2418 reviews) | 
| **Remote Control** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.3 (2303 reviews) | 
| **Switch Presenter** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.7 (2715 reviews) | 

#### Conferencing Options

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Group Live Chat** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (3092 reviews) | 
| **Audio Conferencing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (3145 reviews) | 
| **Video Conferencing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.1 (3268 reviews) | 

#### Application Tools

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Password Protection** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.7 (2487 reviews) | 
| **Recording** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.5 (2564 reviews) | 
| **In-Browser Application** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.1 (2864 reviews) | 

#### Agentic AI - Screen Sharing

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Decision Making** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.3 (211 reviews) | 

### Presentation

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | 8.5/10 | 2157 |

#### Platform Basics

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Slide Design** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.7 (1834 reviews) | 
| **Presenter Tools** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.8 (1817 reviews) | 
| **Auto Save** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.5 (1865 reviews) | 

#### Platform Content

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Charts** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.6 (1708 reviews) | 
| **Template Library** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.1 (1711 reviews) | 
| **Template Creator** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.3 (1639 reviews) | 
| **File Sharing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.4 (1830 reviews) | 

#### Platform Additional Functionality

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Messaging** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.8 (1610 reviews) | 
| **Mobility** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.2 (1711 reviews) | 
| **Cloud** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.4 (1769 reviews) | 

#### Generative AI

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **AI Text Generation** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.5 (544 reviews) | 
| **AI Image-to-Text** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.2 (532 reviews) | 
| **AI Text-to-Video** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 7.6 (530 reviews) | 
| **AI Text Summarization** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.4 (537 reviews) | 
| **AI Text-to-Music** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 7.3 (519 reviews) | 
| **AI Text-to-Speech** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.1 (527 reviews) | 
| **AI Text-to-Image** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 7.8 (527 reviews) | 

### Spreadsheets

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | 9.0/10 | 2280 |

#### Calculating

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Functions** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.9 (1858 reviews) | 
| **Auto Recalculation** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.9 (1745 reviews) | 

#### Insights

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Charts and Graphs** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.7 (1730 reviews) | 
| **Tables** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.9 (1798 reviews) | 

#### Editing

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Templates** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.5 (1730 reviews) | 
| **Collaborative Editing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.4 (1906 reviews) | 
| **Filtering** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.9 (1783 reviews) | 

#### Functionality

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Addons** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.7 (1587 reviews) | 
| **Multi Device Functionality** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.2 (1807 reviews) | 
| **Importing and Exporting** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.1 (1822 reviews) | 
| **Autosave** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.5 (1915 reviews) | 

### Office Suites

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | 9.0/10 | 2369 |

#### Applications

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Basic applications** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.4 (1638 reviews) | 
| **Suite access** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (1416 reviews) | 
| **Templates** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.3 (1243 reviews) | 

#### Collaboration

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Cloud collaboration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.4 (1673 reviews) | 
| **Annotations** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (1238 reviews) | 
| **Simultaneously editing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.4 (1517 reviews) | 

#### Management

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Web Interface** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.2 (1443 reviews) | 
| **File Type Support** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.1 (1293 reviews) | 
| **Auto save** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.5 (1353 reviews) | 

#### Agentic AI - Office Suites

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Autonomous Task Execution** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.0 (428 reviews) | 
| **Natural Language Interaction** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.2 (453 reviews) | 

### Video Conferencing

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | 8.8/10 | 7159 |

#### Collaboration Tools

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Screen Sharing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (5944 reviews) | 
| **Presentations** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.1 (4183 reviews) | 
| **Whiteboarding** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.3 (3640 reviews) | 
| **Live Chat** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (4234 reviews) | 
| **Hand Raising** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.9 (3971 reviews) | 

#### Meeting Coordination

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Scheduling** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.1 (5806 reviews) | 
| **Recording** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.5 (5180 reviews) | 
| **Participant Permissions** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.8 (5459 reviews) | 
| **One-Click Join** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.2 (4171 reviews) | 

#### Software Type

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Mobile** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.1 (5754 reviews) | 
| **Browser Application** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.2 (4245 reviews) | 
| **Desktop Application** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.9 (3819 reviews) | 

#### Agentic AI - Video Conferencing

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Autonomous Task Execution** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.1 (383 reviews) | 
| **Proactive Assistance** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 7.9 (386 reviews) | 
| **Decision Making** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.2 (383 reviews) | 

### Survey

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | 8.6/10 | 1197 |

#### Survey Management

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Survey Builder** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (1020 reviews) | 
| **Question Types** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (1040 reviews) | 
| **Templates** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.4 (996 reviews) | 
| **Survey Distribution** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.9 (1013 reviews) | 

#### Survey Customization

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Branching/Skip Logic** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.5 (865 reviews) | 
| **Branding** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.4 (918 reviews) | 
| **Multimedia Support** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.6 (912 reviews) | 
| **Multilingual Surveys** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.4 (756 reviews) | 

#### Survey Insights

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Reporting & Analytics** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.8 (996 reviews) | 
| **BI Tools Integration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.4 (761 reviews) | 
| **Data Exporting** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (974 reviews) | 
| **Permissions** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (968 reviews) | 

#### Agentic AI - Survey

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Adaptive Learning** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.3 (82 reviews) | 
| **Proactive Assistance** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.0 (80 reviews) | 
| **Decision Making** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.1 (81 reviews) | 

### Calendar

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | 8.7/10 | 1774 |

#### Calendar View

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Multi-Calendar View** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.2 (1458 reviews) | 
| **Customizable Viewing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.2 (1420 reviews) | 

#### Shared Calendar

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Calendar Collaboration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.3 (1483 reviews) | 
| **Multiple Calendar Management** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.1 (1432 reviews) | 

#### Accessibility

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Screen Reader Compatibility** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.8 (1238 reviews) | 
| **Keyboard Shortcuts** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.6 (1295 reviews) | 

#### Integration

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Sync Multiple Calendars** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (1364 reviews) | 
| **Import Events** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.9 (1337 reviews) | 
| **Software Integrations** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.9 (1354 reviews) | 

#### Notifications

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Customized Calendar Notifications** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (1388 reviews) | 
| **Location-Based Alerts** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.7 (1240 reviews) | 

#### Generative AI

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **AI Text-to-Image** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 7.9 (763 reviews) | 
| **AI Text-to-Speech** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.1 (762 reviews) | 
| **AI Image-to-Text** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.0 (759 reviews) | 

#### Agentic AI - Calendar

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Cross-system Integration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.1 (308 reviews) | 

### Document Creation

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | 8.8/10 | 1906 |

#### Design

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Graphics** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.7 (1405 reviews) | 
| **Templates** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.5 (1414 reviews) | 
| **Themes** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.5 (1408 reviews) | 

#### Collaboration

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Multi-User Collaboration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.4 (1526 reviews) | 
| **Real-Time Communication** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.3 (1490 reviews) | 

#### File Types

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Export** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.2 (1507 reviews) | 
| **Import** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (1476 reviews) | 
| **Web Publishing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.7 (1225 reviews) | 

#### Edit & Revise

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Revision History** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.1 (1485 reviews) | 
| **Suggestion Mode** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.9 (1435 reviews) | 
| **Document Editor** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.2 (1511 reviews) | 

#### Integrate & Embed

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Calendar** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.3 (1468 reviews) | 
| **Website** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.9 (1302 reviews) | 
| **Applications** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.1 (1380 reviews) | 

#### Operating System

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **PC Operating System** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.2 (1353 reviews) | 
| **Mac Operating System** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 9.0 (1335 reviews) | 
| **Linux Operating System** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.2 (1079 reviews) | 

#### Generative AI

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **AI Text Generation** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.4 (758 reviews) | 
| **AI Text Summarization** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.5 (745 reviews) | 
| **AI Text-to-Image** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 7.8 (733 reviews) | 
| **AI Text-to-Speech** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.2 (733 reviews) | 
| **AI Image-to-Text** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.1 (729 reviews) | 

#### Agentic AI - Document Creation

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Proactive Assistance** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 7.8 (303 reviews) | 

### Desktop Publishing

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | 8.4/10 | 88 |
| **QuarkXPress** | 7.6/10 | 32 |
| **Google Workspace** | N/A | N/A |

#### Design

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Templates** | 8.9 (77 reviews) | 7.1 (20 reviews) | Not enough data | 
| **Layout editor** | 8.6 (77 reviews) | 8.1 (27 reviews) | Not enough data | 
| **Publishing formats** | 8.7 (73 reviews) | 8.8 (28 reviews) | Not enough data | 
| **Saved preferences** | 8.8 (72 reviews) | 8.8 (29 reviews) | Not enough data | 
| **Infographics** | 8.2 (64 reviews) | 7.5 (20 reviews) | Not enough data | 
| **Asset Library** | 8.0 (72 reviews) | 7.9 (21 reviews) | Not enough data | 

#### Platform Additional Functionality

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Mobile Access** | 7.0 (47 reviews) | 4.6 (8 reviews) | Not enough data | 
| **File Storage** | 8.7 (61 reviews) | 8.1 (9 reviews) | Not enough data | 

### Content Creation

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | N/A | N/A |

#### Planning

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Scheduling Integration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Publishing

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Execute Content Publication** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Social Media

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Social Media Integration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Planning

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Collaborative Editorial Calendars / Scheduling Content** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Generative AI

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **AI Text Generation** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **AI Text Generation** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **AI Text Summarization** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **AI Text-to-Image** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **AI Text-to-Video** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Agentic AI - Content Creation

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Autonomous Task Execution** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Multi-step Planning** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Cross-system Integration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Adaptive Learning** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Natural Language Interaction** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Proactive Assistance** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Decision Making** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

### Email

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | 8.2/10 | 1036 |

#### Generative AI

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **AI Text Generation** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.4 (839 reviews) | 
| **AI Text Summarization** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.4 (830 reviews) | 
| **AI Text-to-Speech** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.1 (820 reviews) | 
| **Autonomous Task Execution** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.0 (324 reviews) | 
| **Cross-system Integration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.4 (328 reviews) | 
| **Proactive Assistance** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 7.8 (317 reviews) | 

### Note-Taking Software

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | 7.8/10 | 110 |

#### Agentic AI - Note-Taking Software

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Autonomous Task Execution** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 7.8 (78 reviews) | 

### AI Presentation Tools

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | N/A | N/A |

#### Generative AI

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **AI-Assisted Editing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **AI Presentation Structuring** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **AI Image Generation** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **AI Slide Generation** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **AI Text-to-Slide** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Platform basics

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Collaboration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **File Sharing** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Slide Design** | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

### Website Builder

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **Microsoft Publisher** | N/A | N/A |
| **QuarkXPress** | N/A | N/A |
| **Google Workspace** | 8.5/10 | 508 |

#### Customizations

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Templates** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.4 (428 reviews) | 
| **Drag and Drop** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.8 (432 reviews) | 
| **HTML Input** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.4 (396 reviews) | 
| **Domain Name** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.5 (407 reviews) | 

#### Growth

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **SEO** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.4 (339 reviews) | 
| **Site Analytics** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.5 (365 reviews) | 
| **Marketing Tools** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.5 (339 reviews) | 
| **E-Commerce** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.1 (321 reviews) | 
| **Hosting** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.6 (345 reviews) | 

#### Content

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Email Integrations** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.9 (394 reviews) | 
| **Content Management** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.8 (404 reviews) | 
| **Permissions** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.7 (400 reviews) | 
| **WordPress Tool** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.4 (143 reviews) | 

#### Support

| Feature | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Customer Support** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 8.4 (150 reviews) | 

---
## Categories

**Unique to Microsoft Publisher (1):** [Desktop Publishing Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/desktop-publishing)

**Unique to QuarkXPress (2):** [Desktop Publishing Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/desktop-publishing), [Content Creation Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/content-creation)

**Unique to Google Workspace (14):** [Business Instant Messaging Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/business-instant-messaging), [Screen Sharing Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/screen-sharing), [Note-Taking Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/note-taking-software), [Spreadsheets Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/spreadsheets), [Website Builder Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/website-builder), [Presentation Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/presentation-software), [Document Creation Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/document-creation), [Cloud Content Collaboration Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-content-collaboration), [Office Suites Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/office-suites), [Calendar Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/calendar-software), [Email Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/email), [Survey Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/survey), [Video Conferencing Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/video-conferencing), [AI Presentation Tools](https://www.g2.com/categories/ai-presentation-tools)


---
## Reviewer Demographics

### By Company Size

| Segment | Microsoft Publisher | QuarkXPress | Google Workspace | 
|---|---|---|---|
| **Small-Business** | 47.6% | 79.9% | 46.3% | 
| **Mid-Market** | 25.9% | 11.6% | 34.4% | 
| **Enterprise** | 26.5% | 8.5% | 19.3% | 

### By Industry

#### Microsoft Publisher

- **Higher Education:** 9.2%
- **Non-Profit Organization Management:** 6.4%
- **Education Management:** 5.7%
- **Information Technology and Services:** 3.4%
- **Religious Institutions:** 3.3%
- **Hospital & Health Care:** 3.3%
- **Marketing and Advertising:** 2.9%
- **Design:** 2.9%
- **Government Administration:** 2.7%
- **Primary/Secondary Education:** 2.5%
- **Other:** 57.9%

#### QuarkXPress

- **Graphic Design:** 21.1%
- **Design:** 12.6%
- **Marketing and Advertising:** 11.9%
- **Printing:** 7.1%
- **Publishing:** 6.5%
- **Newspapers:** 3.1%
- **Non-Profit Organization Management:** 3.1%
- **Higher Education:** 2.7%
- **Media Production:** 2.7%
- **Entertainment:** 2.0%
- **Other:** 27.2%

#### Google Workspace

- **Information Technology and Services:** 9.2%
- **Education Management:** 8.3%
- **Computer Software:** 7.8%
- **Marketing and Advertising:** 6.7%
- **Higher Education:** 5.0%
- **Non-Profit Organization Management:** 3.1%
- **Hospital & Health Care:** 2.5%
- **Financial Services:** 2.4%
- **Primary/Secondary Education:** 2.3%
- **Internet:** 2.0%
- **Other:** 50.6%

---
## Alternatives

### Alternatives to Microsoft Publisher

- [Canva](https://www.g2.com/products/canva/reviews) — 4.7/5 stars (7528 reviews)
- [Adobe InDesign](https://www.g2.com/products/adobe-indesign/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (3436 reviews)
- [Marq](https://www.g2.com/products/charles-thayne-capital-marq/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (210 reviews)
- [Affinity Publisher](https://www.g2.com/products/affinity-publisher/reviews) — 4.7/5 stars (73 reviews)
- [The Print Shop](https://www.g2.com/products/the-print-shop/reviews) — 3.9/5 stars (28 reviews)
- [Scribus](https://www.g2.com/products/scribus/reviews) — 4.1/5 stars (27 reviews)
- [iStudio Publisher](https://www.g2.com/products/istudio-publisher/reviews) — 4.4/5 stars (20 reviews)
- [Swift Publisher](https://www.g2.com/products/swift-publisher/reviews) — 4.4/5 stars (11 reviews)
- [Wondershare PDFelement](https://www.g2.com/products/wondershare-wondershare-pdfelement/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (1044 reviews)
- [Foxit PDF Editor](https://www.g2.com/products/foxit-pdf-editor/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (3636 reviews)

### Alternatives to QuarkXPress

- [Canva](https://www.g2.com/products/canva/reviews) — 4.7/5 stars (7528 reviews)
- [Adobe InDesign](https://www.g2.com/products/adobe-indesign/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (3436 reviews)
- [Marq](https://www.g2.com/products/charles-thayne-capital-marq/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (210 reviews)
- [Affinity Publisher](https://www.g2.com/products/affinity-publisher/reviews) — 4.7/5 stars (73 reviews)
- [Scribus](https://www.g2.com/products/scribus/reviews) — 4.1/5 stars (27 reviews)
- [Wondershare PDFelement](https://www.g2.com/products/wondershare-wondershare-pdfelement/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (1044 reviews)
- [Visme](https://www.g2.com/products/visme/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (483 reviews)
- [Foxit PDF Editor](https://www.g2.com/products/foxit-pdf-editor/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (3636 reviews)
- [Bynder](https://www.g2.com/products/bynder/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (1134 reviews)
- [Semrush](https://www.g2.com/products/semrush/reviews) — 4.4/5 stars (3949 reviews)

### Alternatives to Google Workspace

- [Microsoft 365](https://www.g2.com/products/microsoft365/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (5830 reviews)
- [Zoom Workplace](https://www.g2.com/products/zoom-workplace/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (56417 reviews)
- [Bitrix24](https://www.g2.com/products/bitrix24/reviews) — 4.1/5 stars (608 reviews)
- [ClickUp](https://www.g2.com/products/clickup/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (12532 reviews)
- [Webex Suite](https://www.g2.com/products/cisco-webex-suite/reviews) — 4.2/5 stars (18898 reviews)
- [Zoho Mail](https://www.g2.com/products/zoho-mail/reviews) — 4.4/5 stars (717 reviews)
- [Canva](https://www.g2.com/products/canva/reviews) — 4.7/5 stars (7528 reviews)
- [Spike](https://www.g2.com/products/spike/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (262 reviews)
- [Microsoft Teams](https://www.g2.com/products/microsoft-teams/reviews) — 4.4/5 stars (19071 reviews)
- [Constant Contact](https://www.g2.com/products/constant-contact/reviews) — 4.1/5 stars (7399 reviews)

---
## Top Discussions

### Microsoft Publisher

- Title: [What is the best way to design a business card using Microsoft Publisher?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-is-the-best-way-to-design-a-business-card-using-microsoft-publisher) — 5 comments, 2 upvotes
  > **Top comment:** "If you have some of those perforated business cards by Avery, try downloading a template made for your paper and customize that.

Otherwise, you will..."
- Title: [How do you download new new templates to use on publisher?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/13361-how-do-you-download-new-new-templates-to-use-on-publisher) — 2 comments, 1 upvote
  > **Top comment:** "There is not a specific update or download for adding templates to Publisher, all new content is managed by an ondemand system.

With internet access,..."
- Title: [What is Microsoft Publisher used for?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-is-microsoft-publisher-used-for) — 1 comment
  > **Top comment:** "It is a desktop publishing application used for creating and designing various publications, like newsletters. It provides tools for layout customization,..."
- Title: [What type of software is Microsoft Publisher?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-type-of-software-is-microsoft-publisher) — 1 comment
  > **Top comment:** "Design"
- Title: [What other functionality did you find useful in the app?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-other-functionality-did-you-find-useful-in-the-app) — 1 comment, 1 upvote
  > **Top comment:** "The diversity of formulas that you can make and mix"

### QuarkXPress

- Title: [Does anyone still use QuarkXPress?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/does-anyone-still-use-quarkxpress) — 5 comments
  > **Top comment:** "Yes. Those of us who first understood non-computerized typesetting (hot lead poured into molds) and then the early days of offset printing appreciate that in..."
- Title: [I upgraded to Big Sur only to find that Quark was not compatible.](https://www.g2.com/discussions/35311-i-upgraded-to-big-sur-only-to-find-that-quark-was-not-compatible) — 2 comments, 1 upvote
  > **Top comment:** "Hi, Keith. We’re sorry about this difficulty. QuarkXPress 2020 (version 16.2) and QuarkXPress 2021 (17.0.1) are both compatible with macOS Big Sur...."
- Title: [How much does QuarkXPress cost?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/how-much-does-quarkxpress-cost) — 1 comment
  > **Top comment:** "Quark has come down in price dramatically the last few years. They have a number of interesting plans that make sense for various size of users, from..."
- Title: [Is there a way to alter the perspective/warp text in Quark so I don't have to do it in PhotoShop and then import it?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/is-there-a-way-to-alter-the-perspective-warp-text-in-quark-so-i-don-t-have-to-do-it-in-photoshop-and-then-import-it) — 1 comment, 1 upvote
  > **Top comment:** "Hi. Will you please elaborate on your exact use case or share a video of the issue? In the meantime, you can reference the user guide regarding specific..."
- Title: [How do I use the gradient tool?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/how-do-i-use-the-gradient-tool) — 1 comment, 1 upvote
  > **Top comment:** "Hi. Please refer to this link:..."

### Google Workspace

- Title: [Internet Connection](https://www.g2.com/discussions/internet-connection) — 25 comments, 3 upvotes
  > **Top comment:** "yes , company can working on it. but company need a focus on real time network customer things"
- Title: [Is there a way to see everyone all at once on the screen?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/13790-is-there-a-way-to-see-everyone-all-at-once-on-the-screen) — 21 comments, 11 upvotes
  > **Top comment:** "No, there is no way to see everyone all at once on the screen in Google hangouts. If you want that feature go for zoom video conferencing app."
- Title: [Is that possible to see the files from multiple Google accounts simultaneously?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/is-that-possible-to-see-the-files-from-multiple-google-accounts-simultaneously) — 17 comments, 3 upvotes
  > **Top comment:** "Yes you can do it, always you share your docs wit them or you can grant those accounts over your docs. You have multiple ways to do it even sharing by links."
- Title: [What tips do you have for effectively using Google Meet’s advanced features for large virtual meetings?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-tips-do-you-have-for-effectively-using-google-meet-s-advanced-features-for-large-virtual-meetings) — 16 comments, 10 upvotes
  > **Top comment:** "You need to practice using the features when you are less busy so that they can be familiar."
- Title: [Storing and Sharing web resources in google drive](https://www.g2.com/discussions/storing-and-sharing-web-resources-in-google-drive) — 15 comments, 1 upvote
  > **Top comment:** "Depending on what you need the links for and how you need them organized, I have found Buzzstream very effective for keeping groups of links together."

---
**Source:** [G2.com](https://www.g2.com) | [Comparison Page](https://www.g2.com/compare/microsoft-publisher-vs-quarkxpress-vs-google-workspace)