# ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus vs Microsoft Entra ID Comparison
---
## AI Generated Summary
- **G2 reviewers report** that Microsoft Entra ID excels in providing a secure and centralized management system for user identities across Microsoft platforms. Users appreciate its robust features like **Single Sign-On** and **Multi-Factor Authentication** , which enhance security and streamline access management.
- **Users say** that ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus is particularly effective for IT administrators, allowing Active Directory users to reset their own passwords and unlock accounts. This feature significantly reduces the workload for IT support, making it a practical choice for organizations looking to empower end users.
- **Reviewers mention** that the implementation process for Microsoft Entra ID is notably smooth, with many users highlighting its **intuitive layout** and easy-to-understand configuration areas. This ease of setup has reportedly reduced training time for staff, making it a favorable option for organizations transitioning to a hybrid environment.
- **According to verified reviews** , ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus is praised for its reliability and stability, with users noting that it works seamlessly across various Windows systems. Its **versatile module** allows for quick deployment, which is a significant advantage for organizations needing a fast solution.
- **G2 reviewers highlight** that Microsoft Entra ID's overall user satisfaction is reflected in its higher G2 Score, indicating a strong preference among users for its comprehensive features and support. The product's ability to manage conditional access and privileged identity management further solidifies its position as a leader in identity management.
- **Users express** that while ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus is user-friendly, it may not offer the same level of advanced security features as Microsoft Entra ID. This difference could be a deciding factor for organizations prioritizing security in their identity management solutions.



| | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Star Rating** | 4.4 out of 5 | 4.5 out of 5 | 
| **Total Reviews** | 18 | 909 | 
| **Largest Market Segment** | Enterprise (50.0% of reviews) | Mid-Market (40.0% of reviews) | 
| **Entry Level Price** | Free | Free | 

---
## Top Pros & Cons

### ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus

Pros:
- Customer Support (1 reviews)
- Daily Use (1 reviews)

Cons:
- Missing Features (1 reviews)
- Update Issues (1 reviews)

### Microsoft Entra ID

Pros:
- Security (66 reviews)
- Ease of Use (65 reviews)

Cons:
- Complexity (47 reviews)
- Complex Administration (37 reviews)

---
## Ratings Comparison
| Rating | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
  | **Meets Requirements** | 9.1 (15 reviews) | 9.1 (713 reviews) | 
  | **Ease of Use** | 8.7 (15 reviews) | 8.8 (718 reviews) | 
  | **Ease of Setup** | 8.3 (11 reviews) | 8.6 (441 reviews) | 
  | **Ease of Admin** | 8.6 (11 reviews) | 8.8 (395 reviews) | 
  | **Quality of Support** | 8.3 (14 reviews) | 8.7 (653 reviews) | 
  | **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?** | 8.8 (11 reviews) | 9.0 (382 reviews) | 
  | **Product Direction (% positive)** | 7.5 (14 reviews) | 9.4 (693 reviews) | 

---
## Pricing

### ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus

#### Entry-Level Pricing

Plan: Free Edition

Price: Free

Key Features:
- Offers most of the features for up to 50 users.

[Browse all 5 editions](https://www.g2.com/products/manageengine-adselfservice-plus/pricing)

#### Free Trial

Yes

### Microsoft Entra ID

#### Entry-Level Pricing

Plan: Azure Active Directory Free

Price: Free

Description: The free edition of Azure AD is included with a subscription of a commercial online service such as Azure, Dynamics 365, Intune, Power Platform, and others.

Key Features:
- Partially Included: Authentication, single sign-on and multifactor authentication (MFA)
- Partially Included: Applications Access
- Partially Included: Authorization and Conditional Access

[Browse all 4 editions](https://www.g2.com/products/microsoft-entra-id/pricing)

#### Free Trial

Yes

---
## Features Comparison By Category

### Single Sign-On (SSO)

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus** | N/A | N/A |
| **Microsoft Entra ID** | 8.9/10 | 268 |

#### Authentication Options

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Authentication User experience** | Not enough data | 9.1 (236 reviews) | 
| **Supports Required Authentication systems** | Not enough data | 8.9 (206 reviews) | 
| **Multi-Factor Authentication** | Not enough data | 9.3 (224 reviews) | 
| **Supports Required Authentication Methods/Protocols** | Not enough data | 8.8 (209 reviews) | 
| **Federation/SAML support (idp)** | Not enough data | 8.8 (178 reviews) | 
| **Federation/SAML support (sp)** | Not enough data | 8.9 (165 reviews) | 

#### Access Control Types

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Endpoint access** | Not enough data | 8.9 (202 reviews) | 
| **Local Access** | Not enough data | 8.9 (196 reviews) | 
| **Remote Access** | Not enough data | 9.0 (198 reviews) | 
| **Partner Access** | Not enough data | 8.8 (173 reviews) | 
| **Supports BYOD users** | Not enough data | 8.8 (172 reviews) | 

#### Administration

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Ease of installation on server** | Not enough data | 8.9 (195 reviews) | 
| **Password Policy Enforcement** | Not enough data | 9.0 (204 reviews) | 
| **Administration Console** | Not enough data | 8.8 (217 reviews) | 
| **Ease of connecting applications** | Not enough data | 8.7 (214 reviews) | 
| **Self Service Password Administration** | Not enough data | 9.0 (200 reviews) | 

#### Platform

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Multiple Operating system support** | Not enough data | 8.8 (177 reviews) | 
| **Multi-Domain Support** | Not enough data | 8.9 (174 reviews) | 
| **Cross Browser support** | Not enough data | 9.0 (192 reviews) | 
| **Fail over protection** | Not enough data | 8.8 (169 reviews) | 
| **Reporting** | Not enough data | 8.9 (188 reviews) | 
| **Auditing** | Not enough data | 8.7 (187 reviews) | 
| **Third Party Web Services support** | Not enough data | 8.7 (166 reviews) | 

### User Provisioning and Governance Tools

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus** | N/A | N/A |
| **Microsoft Entra ID** | 8.9/10 | 92 |

#### User on/off Boarding

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Self Service Access requests** | Not enough data | 8.9 (72 reviews) ✓ Verified | 
| **Smart/Automated Provisioning** | Not enough data | 8.8 (76 reviews) ✓ Verified | 
| **Role Management** | Not enough data | 9.1 (82 reviews) ✓ Verified | 
| **Policy Management** | Not enough data | 9.2 (83 reviews) ✓ Verified | 
| **Access Termination** | Not enough data | 9.0 (80 reviews) ✓ Verified | 
| **Approval Workflows** | Not enough data | 8.9 (71 reviews) ✓ Verified | 

#### User Maintenance

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Self Service Password Reset** | Not enough data | 9.0 (77 reviews) ✓ Verified | 
| **Bulk Changes** | Not enough data | 8.5 (74 reviews) ✓ Verified | 
| **Bi-directional Identity Synchronization** | Not enough data | 8.7 (73 reviews) ✓ Verified | 

#### Governance

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Identifies and Alerts for Threats** | Not enough data | 9.0 (80 reviews) ✓ Verified | 
| **Compliance Audits** | Not enough data | 8.9 (74 reviews) ✓ Verified | 

#### Administration

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Reporting** | Not enough data | 8.7 (81 reviews) ✓ Verified | 
| **Mobile App** | Not enough data | 8.4 (67 reviews) ✓ Verified | 
| **Ease of set up for target systems** | Not enough data | 8.9 (83 reviews) ✓ Verified | 
| **APIs** | Not enough data | 8.9 (74 reviews) ✓ Verified | 

### Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus** | N/A | N/A |
| **Microsoft Entra ID** | 8.4/10 | 212 |

#### Authentication type

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **SMS-Based** | Not enough data | 8.1 (160 reviews) | 
| **Voice-Based Telephony** | Not enough data | 7.3 (141 reviews) | 
| **Email-Based** | Not enough data | 8.5 (155 reviews) | 
| **Hardware Token-Based** | Not enough data | 7.9 (140 reviews) | 
| **Software Token** | Not enough data | 8.8 (162 reviews) | 
| **Biometric Factor** | Not enough data | 8.7 (162 reviews) | 
| **Mobile-Push** | Not enough data | 8.9 (170 reviews) | 
| **Risk-Based Authentication** | Not enough data | 8.5 (151 reviews) | 

#### Functionality

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Multi-Device Sync** | Not enough data | 8.9 (170 reviews) | 
| **Backup** | Not enough data | 8.6 (166 reviews) | 

#### Implementation

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Easy Setup** | Not enough data | 8.8 (192 reviews) | 
| **Mobile SDK** | Not enough data | 8.2 (144 reviews) | 
| **Web SDK** | Not enough data | 8.1 (132 reviews) | 

### Cloud Directory Services

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus** | N/A | N/A |
| **Microsoft Entra ID** | 8.8/10 | 203 |

#### Access Control

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Role Management** | Not enough data | 9.1 (177 reviews) | 
| **Access Termination** | Not enough data | 8.7 (166 reviews) | 
| **Remote Access** | Not enough data | 8.8 (159 reviews) | 
| **Partner Access** | Not enough data | 8.6 (152 reviews) | 

#### Administration

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Smart/Automated Provisioning** | Not enough data | 8.6 (161 reviews) | 
| **Policy Management** | Not enough data | 8.8 (175 reviews) | 
| **On-premise identity repositories supported** | Not enough data | 8.7 (160 reviews) | 
| **Ease of Connecting Applications** | Not enough data | 8.7 (166 reviews) | 

#### Functionality

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **SSO** | Not enough data | 9.1 (180 reviews) | 
| **Multi-Factor Authentication** | Not enough data | 9.2 (184 reviews) | 
| **Supports Required Authentication systems** | Not enough data | 9.0 (163 reviews) | 

### Self-Service Password Reset (SSPR) Tools

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus** | 9.3/10 | 5 |
| **Microsoft Entra ID** | N/A | N/A |

#### Administration

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Bi-Directional Identity Synchronization** | Feature Not Available | Not enough data | 
| **Policy Management** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Cloud Directory** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Application Integrations** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### Authentication 

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Multi-Factor Authentication** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Biometric Authentication** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Other Authentication Methods** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Role-Specific Authentication** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

#### User Experience

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Self-Service Experience** | 9.3 (5 reviews) | Not enough data | 
| **Mobile App Usability** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 
| **Multilingual Support** | Not enough data | Not enough data | 

### Privileged Access Management (PAM)

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus** | N/A | N/A |
| **Microsoft Entra ID** | 9.1/10 | 102 |

#### Administration

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Policy, User, and Role Management** | Not enough data | 9.3 (89 reviews) | 
| **Approval Workflows** | Not enough data | 8.8 (83 reviews) | 
| **Automated Provisioning** | Not enough data | 9.0 (87 reviews) | 
| **Bulk Changes** | Not enough data | 8.6 (84 reviews) | 
| **Centralized Management** | Not enough data | 9.4 (90 reviews) | 
| **Self-Service Access Requests** | Not enough data | 9.1 (87 reviews) | 

#### Functionality

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Multi-Factor Authentication** | Not enough data | 9.5 (87 reviews) | 
| **Single Sign-On** | Not enough data | 9.4 (90 reviews) | 
| **BYOD support** | Not enough data | 9.1 (77 reviews) | 
| **Password Vault** | Not enough data | 8.9 (82 reviews) | 
| **Centralized management** | Not enough data | 9.3 (87 reviews) | 
| **Role-based security** | Not enough data | 9.3 (88 reviews) | 
| **Live notifications** | Not enough data | 9.0 (85 reviews) | 
| **Live session recording & playback** | Not enough data | Feature Not Available | 
| **Hide passwords** | Not enough data | 9.1 (81 reviews) | 
| **Temporary, time-limited privilege** | Not enough data | 9.2 (81 reviews) | 

#### Monitoring

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Audit Logging** | Not enough data | 9.2 (88 reviews) | 
| **Activity Logging** | Not enough data | 9.2 (88 reviews) | 
| **Anomaly Detection** | Not enough data | 9.0 (83 reviews) | 

#### Reporting

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Audit log** | Not enough data | 9.1 (85 reviews) | 
| **Reporting** | Not enough data | 9.2 (83 reviews) | 

### Passwordless Authentication

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus** | N/A | N/A |
| **Microsoft Entra ID** | 8.6/10 | 120 |

#### Functionality

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **FIDO2-compliant** | Not enough data | 8.7 (86 reviews) | 
| **Works with hardware security keys** | Not enough data | 8.8 (93 reviews) | 
| **Multiple authentication methods** | Not enough data | 9.1 (113 reviews) | 
| **Offline or no-phone solution** | Not enough data | 7.6 (100 reviews) | 

### Identity and Access Management (IAM)

| Product | Score | Reviews |
|---|---|---|
| **ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus** | N/A | N/A |
| **Microsoft Entra ID** | 9.0/10 | 319 |

#### Functionality

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **User provisioning** | Not enough data | 9.0 (246 reviews) | 
| **Password manager** | Not enough data | 8.7 (199 reviews) | 
| **Single Sign-on** | Not enough data | 9.3 (269 reviews) | 
| **Enforces policies** | Not enough data | 9.0 (266 reviews) | 
| **Authentication** | Not enough data | 9.3 (260 reviews) | 
| **Multi-factor authentication** | Not enough data | 9.3 (265 reviews) | 

####  Type

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **On-premises solution** | Not enough data | 8.6 (208 reviews) | 
| **Cloud-solution** | Not enough data | 9.3 (243 reviews) | 

####  Reporting

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Tracking** | Not enough data | 8.8 (214 reviews) | 
| **Reporting** | Not enough data | 8.8 (222 reviews) | 
| **Access & Permission Change Reporting** | Not enough data | 9.7 (12 reviews) | 
| **Compliance & Audit Trail Export** | Not enough data | 8.7 (15 reviews) | 

#### Authentication & Authorization - Identity and Access Management (IAM)

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Adaptive & Contextual Access Control** | Not enough data | 9.3 (33 reviews) | 

#### Administration & Governance - Identity and Access Management (IAM)

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Identity Lifecycle Management** | Not enough data | 9.2 (24 reviews) | 
| **Self‑Service Account Management** | Not enough data | 9.3 (12 reviews) | 

#### Generative AI - Identity and Access Management (IAM)

| Feature | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **AI‑Driven Access Anomaly Detection** | Not enough data | 8.5 (13 reviews) | 
| **Automated Policy Tuning** | Not enough data | 8.5 (9 reviews) | 
| **Predictive Role Recommendations** | Not enough data | 9.2 (8 reviews) | 

---
## Categories
**Shared Categories (2):** [Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/multi-factor-authentication-mfa), [Single Sign-On (SSO) Solutions](https://www.g2.com/categories/single-sign-on-sso)

**Unique to ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus (1):** [Self-Service Password Reset (SSPR) Tools](https://www.g2.com/categories/self-service-password-reset-sspr-tools)

**Unique to Microsoft Entra ID (5):** [Passwordless Authentication Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/passwordless-authentication), [Cloud Directory Services](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-directory-services), [Privileged Access Management (PAM) Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/privileged-access-management-pam), [Identity and Access Management (IAM) Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/identity-and-access-management-iam), [User Provisioning and Governance Tools](https://www.g2.com/categories/user-provisioning-and-governance-tools)


---
## Reviewer Demographics

### By Company Size

| Segment | ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus | Microsoft Entra ID | 
|---|---|---|
| **Small-Business** | 5.6% | 23.1% | 
| **Mid-Market** | 44.4% | 40.0% | 
| **Enterprise** | 50.0% | 37.0% | 

### By Industry

#### ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus

- **Information Technology and Services:** 22.2%
- **Government Administration:** 22.2%
- **Education Management:** 11.1%
- **Research:** 5.6%
- **Real Estate:** 5.6%
- **Non-Profit Organization Management:** 5.6%
- **Medical Devices:** 5.6%
- **Government Relations:** 5.6%
- **Computer Software:** 5.6%
- **Broadcast Media:** 5.6%
- **Other:** 5.6%

#### Microsoft Entra ID

- **Information Technology and Services:** 26.1%
- **Computer Software:** 9.6%
- **Computer & Network Security:** 6.5%
- **Financial Services:** 4.5%
- **Hospital & Health Care:** 2.8%
- **Higher Education:** 2.5%
- **Banking:** 2.2%
- **Automotive:** 1.8%
- **Retail:** 1.8%
- **Management Consulting:** 1.6%
- **Other:** 40.8%

---
## Alternatives

### Alternatives to ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus

- [Okta](https://www.g2.com/products/okta/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (1227 reviews)
- [Cisco Duo](https://www.g2.com/products/cisco-duo/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (515 reviews)
- [1Password](https://www.g2.com/products/1password/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (1795 reviews)
- [LastPass](https://www.g2.com/products/lastpass/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (2047 reviews)
- [Keeper Password Manager](https://www.g2.com/products/keeper-password-manager/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (1197 reviews)
- [JumpCloud](https://www.g2.com/products/jumpcloud/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (3971 reviews)
- [NordPass Business](https://www.g2.com/products/nordpass-business/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (642 reviews)
- [Frontegg](https://www.g2.com/products/frontegg/reviews) — 4.8/5 stars (363 reviews)
- [Rippling IT](https://www.g2.com/products/rippling-it/reviews) — 4.7/5 stars (1100 reviews)
- [Plivo](https://www.g2.com/products/plivo/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (747 reviews)

### Alternatives to Microsoft Entra ID

- [JumpCloud](https://www.g2.com/products/jumpcloud/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (3971 reviews)
- [CyberArk Workforce Identity](https://www.g2.com/products/cyberark-workforce-identity/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (130 reviews)
- [OneLogin](https://www.g2.com/products/onelogin/reviews) — 4.4/5 stars (290 reviews)
- [Okta](https://www.g2.com/products/okta/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (1227 reviews)
- [Cisco Duo](https://www.g2.com/products/cisco-duo/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (515 reviews)
- [IBM Verify CIAM](https://www.g2.com/products/ibm-verify-ciam/reviews) — 4.3/5 stars (185 reviews)
- [1Password](https://www.g2.com/products/1password/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (1795 reviews)
- [Ping Identity](https://www.g2.com/products/ping-identity/reviews) — 4.4/5 stars (119 reviews)
- [Auth0](https://www.g2.com/products/auth0/reviews) — 4.3/5 stars (267 reviews)
- [LastPass](https://www.g2.com/products/lastpass/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (2047 reviews)

---
## Top Discussions

### ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus

No discussions available for this product.

### Microsoft Entra ID

- Title: [How good is Microsoft authenticator app?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/how-good-is-microsoft-authenticator-app) — 4 comments
  > **Top comment:** "excellent and well trusted"
- Title: [Can Microsoft authenticator app be hacked?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/can-microsoft-authenticator-app-be-hacked) — 3 comments
  > **Top comment:** "Microsoft Authenticator is mostly second part in two factor authentication & then also code is also refreshed every 30 second or notification with limited..."
- Title: [Which is better Google Authenticator or Microsoft authenticator?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/which-is-better-google-authenticator-or-microsoft-authenticator) — 3 comments, 1 upvote
  > **Top comment:** "Microsoft Authenticator "
- Title: [Is Azure Active Directory SaaS or PaaS?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/is-azure-active-directory-saas-or-paas) — 2 comments
  > **Top comment:** "Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) is primarily a SaaS (Software-as-a-Service) offering provided by Microsoft as a cloud-based identity and access management..."
- Title: [What is Microsoft Azure Active Directory used for?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-is-microsoft-azure-active-directory-used-for) — 1 comment, 1 upvote
  > **Top comment:** "It is a cloud-based identity and access management service  designed by Microsoft to help organizations manage and secure user identities and access to..."

---
**Source:** [G2.com](https://www.g2.com) | [Comparison Page](https://www.g2.com/compare/manageengine-adselfservice-plus-vs-microsoft-entra-id)