# Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) vs Bonterra OneCause Comparison --- ## AI Generated Summary - **G2 reviewers report** that OneCause excels in user-friendliness, with many users appreciating how all necessary tools for event management are consolidated in one platform. One user noted, "I love that all that I need to run an event is in one place," highlighting the software's convenience. - **Users say** Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud offers extensive customization options, making it a versatile choice for nonprofits. Reviewers mention that it "has so many features that help make nonprofit fundraising and programs seamless," which can be particularly beneficial for organizations with unique needs. - **According to verified reviews** , OneCause stands out for its quick and straightforward setup process. Users have expressed gratitude for its intuitive design, stating, "How user-friendly it all was... Going from Hand Bid to this was a full 180," indicating a smooth transition for new users. - **Reviewers mention** that Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud provides robust tracking capabilities for donations and volunteers, which is essential for nonprofits looking to manage their relationships effectively. One user highlighted that it "helps keep tabs on donations and voluntaries," showcasing its utility in donor management. - **G2 reviewers report** that OneCause receives high marks for its quality of support, with a score that reflects users' satisfaction. One user noted, "I truly appreciate how user-friendly OneCause is," which suggests that the support team is effective in helping users navigate the platform. - **Users say** that while Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud has strong reporting features, it may not be as intuitive as OneCause for everyday tasks. Reviewers have pointed out that while it excels in certain areas, the overall user experience can be less straightforward compared to OneCause's streamlined approach. | | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Star Rating** | 4.1 out of 5 | 4.7 out of 5 | | **Total Reviews** | 87 | 502 | | **Largest Market Segment** | Small-Business (62.2% of reviews) | Small-Business (67.0% of reviews) | | **Entry Level Price** | No pricing available | Starting at $200.00 | --- ## Top Pros & Cons ### Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) Pros: - CRM Integration (1 reviews) - Customizability (1 reviews) Cons: - Confusing Terminology (1 reviews) - Difficult Learning (1 reviews) ### Bonterra OneCause Pros: - Ease of Use (56 reviews) - Customer Support (43 reviews) Cons: - Learning Difficulty (10 reviews) - Confusion (9 reviews) --- ## Ratings Comparison | Rating | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Meets Requirements** | 8.0 (59 reviews) | 9.1 (411 reviews) | | **Ease of Use** | 7.3 (61 reviews) | 8.9 (417 reviews) | | **Ease of Setup** | 6.1 (41 reviews) | 8.6 (350 reviews) | | **Ease of Admin** | 6.8 (41 reviews) | 8.8 (327 reviews) | | **Quality of Support** | 7.5 (55 reviews) | 9.5 (414 reviews) | | **Has the product been a good partner in doing business?** | 7.8 (44 reviews) | 9.5 (329 reviews) | | **Product Direction (% positive)** | 8.3 (60 reviews) | 9.4 (398 reviews) | --- ## Pricing ### Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) #### Entry-Level Pricing No pricing available #### Free Trial No information available ### Bonterra OneCause #### Entry-Level Pricing Plan: Learn How OneCause Can Help You Grow Generosity Price: Starting at $200.00 Description: Discover the flexibility of the OneCause Fundraising Platform, designed to meet the needs of organizations of all sizes. Choose from a variety of plans tailored to fit your goals, starting at just $200, with the industry's only pay-as-you-go pricing capped for your convenience. Prefer an annual subscription? Launch a year of impactful fundraising with our $2,995 Professional Auction & Event package. With our award-winning support and service teams by your side, we’ll help you every step of the way. Reach out today to find the perfect plan for your organization! Key Features: - Auctions & Events - Online Fundraising & Text2Give - Peer-to-Peer Fundraising [Learn more about Bonterra OneCause](https://www.g2.com/products/bonterra-onecause/reviews) #### Free Trial No --- ## Features Comparison By Category ### Fundraising | Product | Score | Reviews | |---|---|---| | **Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud)** | 9.0/10 | 11 | | **Bonterra OneCause** | 8.5/10 | 218 | #### Administration | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Reporting** | 9.1 (9 reviews) | 8.7 (204 reviews) | | **Interaction Tracking** | 9.3 (9 reviews) | 8.4 (179 reviews) | | **Automation** | 7.8 (6 reviews) | 8.6 (188 reviews) | | **Donor Profiles** | 9.0 (8 reviews) | 8.0 (173 reviews) | #### Fundraising | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Campaign Management** | 8.5 (8 reviews) | 8.9 (183 reviews) | | **Online Donation Portal** | 9.7 (6 reviews) | 9.2 (202 reviews) | | **Event Planning** | 9.0 (5 reviews) | 9.3 (197 reviews) | | **Recurring Donations** | 9.3 (5 reviews) | 7.6 (119 reviews) | | **Peer-to-peer Fundraising** | Not enough data | 7.8 (119 reviews) | | **Mobile Capabilities** | Not enough data | 9.0 (194 reviews) | #### Marketing | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Email Marketing** | 9.4 (6 reviews) | 7.8 (131 reviews) | | **Direct Mail Tools** | 9.3 (5 reviews) | Feature Not Available | ### Human Services | Product | Score | Reviews | |---|---|---| | **Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud)** | 8.6/10 | 8 | | **Bonterra OneCause** | N/A | N/A | #### Platform Basics | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Reporting** | 9.0 (8 reviews) | Not enough data | | **Interoperability** | 8.5 (8 reviews) | Not enough data | | **Performance** | 9.2 (8 reviews) | Not enough data | #### Case Management | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Client Intake** | 8.3 (7 reviews) | Not enough data | | **Outcome Measurement** | 8.6 (7 reviews) | Not enough data | | **Form Builder** | 8.1 (6 reviews) | Not enough data | #### Platform Additional Functionality | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Mobility** | 8.8 (8 reviews) | Not enough data | | **Messaging** | 8.1 (6 reviews) | Not enough data | #### Platform Data | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Dashboard** | 8.5 (8 reviews) | Not enough data | | **Alerts and Notifications** | 9.3 (7 reviews) | Not enough data | ### Donor Management | Product | Score | Reviews | |---|---|---| | **Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud)** | 8.0/10 | 10 | | **Bonterra OneCause** | N/A | N/A | #### Administration | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **User Dashboard** | 8.3 (9 reviews) | Not enough data | | **Donor Profiles** | 7.7 (8 reviews) | Not enough data | | **Reporting** | 8.0 (9 reviews) | Not enough data | | **Templates** | 7.1 (7 reviews) | Not enough data | | **Customization** | 8.9 (9 reviews) | Not enough data | #### Donor Management | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Moves Management** | 8.1 (8 reviews) | Not enough data | | **Pledge Tracking** | 8.1 (7 reviews) | Not enough data | | **E-Document Storage** | 8.1 (9 reviews) | Not enough data | | **Acknowledgments & Communications** | 7.1 (7 reviews) | Not enough data | #### Interoperability | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Event Tracking** | 8.3 (6 reviews) | Not enough data | | **Gift Tracking** | 8.6 (7 reviews) | Not enough data | | **Fund Accounting** | 8.3 (7 reviews) | Not enough data | ### Nonprofit CRM | Product | Score | Reviews | |---|---|---| | **Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud)** | 7.7/10 | 16 | | **Bonterra OneCause** | N/A | N/A | #### Constituent Management | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Constituent Profiles** | 7.5 (14 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Online Portal** | 7.8 (10 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Donor Communications** | 7.2 (9 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | #### Marketing Automation | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Email Marketing** | 6.7 (11 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Lead Management** | 7.6 (11 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Campaign Management** | 7.6 (12 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Marketing ROI Analytics** | 7.2 (9 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | #### Workflow Automation | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Donor Prospecting** | 7.3 (10 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Data Entry** | 8.2 (13 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Task Delegation** | 8.8 (12 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | #### Reporting & Analytics | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Reporting** | 8.8 (12 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Dashboards** | 8.8 (12 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Automated Reports** | 8.3 (11 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | #### Integrations | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Accounting** | 7.6 (9 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Fundraising** | 7.5 (12 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Grant Management** | 7.3 (10 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Sales POS** | 7.3 (8 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | #### Agentic AI - Nonprofit CRM | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Autonomous Task Execution** | Not enough data | Not enough data | | **Cross-system Integration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | ### Grant Management | Product | Score | Reviews | |---|---|---| | **Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud)** | 8.2/10 | 9 | | **Bonterra OneCause** | N/A | N/A | #### Proposal Management | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Form Building** | 8.6 (6 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Review Tools** | 8.6 (7 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Grantee Portal** | 8.9 (6 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Attachments** | 8.5 (8 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Task Management** | 8.1 (8 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | #### Fund Tracking | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Disbursements** | 7.8 (6 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Grant Allocations** | 8.1 (6 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Email Notifications** | 7.9 (7 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | #### Impact & Outcomes | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Program Evaluation** | 8.6 (7 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Data Analytics** | 8.1 (7 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Ad Hoc Reporting** | 7.9 (8 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Dashboards** | 7.9 (8 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | #### Grant Prospecting | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Funder Lists** | 8.1 (6 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Automated Responses** | 8.3 (5 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | #### Compliance | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Eligibility Screening** | 7.7 (5 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Auditing** | 8.1 (6 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | #### Integrations | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Fund Accounting** | 8.3 (5 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | | **Donor Management** | 8.6 (7 reviews) ✓ Verified | Not enough data | ### Auction | Product | Score | Reviews | |---|---|---| | **Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud)** | N/A | N/A | | **Bonterra OneCause** | 9.1/10 | 137 | #### Auctioneering | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Auction Listings** | Not enough data | 9.2 (124 reviews) | | **Bidding Window** | Not enough data | 9.4 (127 reviews) | | **Auction Type** | Not enough data | 9.4 (128 reviews) | | **Ticketing** | Not enough data | 8.9 (122 reviews) | | **Mobile Bidding** | Not enough data | 9.3 (128 reviews) | | **Fundraising** | Not enough data | 9.1 (127 reviews) | #### User Interface | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Bidder Profiles** | Not enough data | 8.4 (122 reviews) | | **Sorting** | Not enough data | 8.7 (119 reviews) | | **Bid Alerts** | Not enough data | 9.4 (124 reviews) | #### Administration | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Bid Confirmation** | Not enough data | 9.3 (127 reviews) | | **Payment Processing** | Not enough data | 9.3 (131 reviews) | | **Reporting** | Not enough data | 8.7 (131 reviews) | ### Volunteer Management | Product | Score | Reviews | |---|---|---| | **Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud)** | N/A | N/A | | **Bonterra OneCause** | N/A | N/A | #### Volunteer Management | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Opportunity Listings** | Not enough data | Not enough data | | **Volunteer Tracking** | Not enough data | Not enough data | | **Volunteer Scheduling** | Not enough data | Not enough data | | **Volunteer Profiles** | Not enough data | Not enough data | | **Document Management** | Not enough data | Not enough data | #### Engagement & Communication Tools | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Gamification** | Not enough data | Not enough data | | **Mass Messaging** | Not enough data | Not enough data | | **Donation Pages** | Not enough data | Not enough data | | **Mobile Application** | Not enough data | Not enough data | #### Administration | Feature | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **CRM Integration** | Not enough data | Not enough data | | **Dashboards & Analytics** | Not enough data | Not enough data | --- ## Categories **Shared Categories (1):** [Fundraising Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/fundraising) **Unique to Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) (5):** [Human Services Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/human-services), [Grant Management Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/grant-management), [Volunteer Management Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/volunteer-management), [Donor Management Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/donor-management), [Nonprofit CRM Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/nonprofit-crm) **Unique to Bonterra OneCause (1):** [Auction Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/auction-software) --- ## Reviewer Demographics ### By Company Size | Segment | Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) | Bonterra OneCause | |---|---|---| | **Small-Business** | 62.2% | 67.0% | | **Mid-Market** | 32.9% | 31.2% | | **Enterprise** | 4.9% | 1.8% | ### By Industry #### Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) - **Non-Profit Organization Management:** 57.3% - **Education Management:** 3.7% - **Fund-Raising:** 3.7% - **Individual & Family Services:** 3.7% - **Hospital & Health Care:** 3.7% - **Computer Software:** 2.4% - **Information Technology and Services:** 2.4% - **Higher Education:** 2.4% - **Arts and Crafts:** 1.2% - **Civic & Social Organization:** 1.2% - **Other:** 18.3% #### Bonterra OneCause - **Non-Profit Organization Management:** 42.7% - **Primary/Secondary Education:** 10.3% - **Education Management:** 7.6% - **Fund-Raising:** 7.6% - **Hospital & Health Care:** 5.1% - **Health, Wellness and Fitness:** 3.1% - **Events Services:** 2.5% - **Civic & Social Organization:** 2.3% - **Individual & Family Services:** 2.3% - **Higher Education:** 2.1% - **Other:** 14.6% --- ## Alternatives ### Alternatives to Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) - [Bloomerang CRM](https://www.g2.com/products/bloomerang-crm/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (894 reviews) - [Neon CRM](https://www.g2.com/products/neon-one-llc-neon-crm/reviews) — 4.2/5 stars (425 reviews) - [Bonterra EveryAction](https://www.g2.com/products/bonterra-everyaction/reviews) — 4.3/5 stars (283 reviews) - [Blackbaud Raiser's Edge NXT](https://www.g2.com/products/blackbaud-raiser-s-edge-nxt/reviews) — 3.9/5 stars (622 reviews) - [DonorPerfect](https://www.g2.com/products/donorperfect/reviews) — 4.4/5 stars (565 reviews) - [Virtuous CRM+](https://www.g2.com/products/virtuous-crm/reviews) — 4.4/5 stars (271 reviews) - [Bonterra Network for Good](https://www.g2.com/products/bonterra-network-for-good/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (409 reviews) - [NetSuite](https://www.g2.com/products/netsuite/reviews) — 4.1/5 stars (4787 reviews) - [Bonterra Apricot](https://www.g2.com/products/bonterra-apricot/reviews) — 4.4/5 stars (339 reviews) - [Tessitura](https://www.g2.com/products/tessitura/reviews) — 3.8/5 stars (79 reviews) ### Alternatives to Bonterra OneCause - [Givebutter](https://www.g2.com/products/givebutter/reviews) — 4.7/5 stars (2123 reviews) - [Bloomerang Fundraising, formerly Qgiv](https://www.g2.com/products/bloomerang-fundraising-formerly-qgiv/reviews) — 4.7/5 stars (276 reviews) - [Handbid](https://www.g2.com/products/handbid/reviews) — 4.7/5 stars (218 reviews) - [GiveSmart](https://www.g2.com/products/givesmart/reviews) — 4.5/5 stars (158 reviews) - [Silent Auction Pro](https://www.g2.com/products/silent-auction-pro/reviews) — 4.9/5 stars (110 reviews) - [Greater Giving](https://www.g2.com/products/greater-giving/reviews) — 4.2/5 stars (102 reviews) - [Bloomerang CRM](https://www.g2.com/products/bloomerang-crm/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (894 reviews) - [DonorPerfect](https://www.g2.com/products/donorperfect/reviews) — 4.4/5 stars (565 reviews) - [GoFundMe Pro](https://www.g2.com/products/gofundme-pro/reviews) — 4.3/5 stars (147 reviews) - [SchoolAuction.net](https://www.g2.com/products/schoolauction-net/reviews) — 4.6/5 stars (195 reviews) --- ## Top Discussions ### Agentforce Nonprofit (formerly Salesforce Nonprofit Cloud) - Title: [How can Salesforce help non profits?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/how-can-salesforce-help-non-profits) — 1 comment > **Top comment:** "Salesforce is an integrated platform that helps nonprofits expand their impact across the world. Salesforce makes the job of nonprofits easier, making better..." - Title: [What's the next five year plan for Salesforce.org Nonprofit Cloud?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-s-the-next-five-year-plan-for-salesforce-org-nonprofit-cloud) — 1 comment, 1 upvote > **Top comment:** "Exactinside’s intuitively designed Nonprofit Cloud Consultant Nonprofit-Cloud-Consultant exam questions provide you the most simple way to get your target..." - Title: [Do you think that Salesforce is a great tool but need a big improvement on its user interface?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/do-you-think-that-salesforce-is-a-great-tool-but-need-a-big-improvement-on-its-user-interface) — 1 comment, 1 upvote > **Top comment:** "Salesforce Classes in pune Salesforce course in pune Salesforce training in pune Salesforce added native Backup and Restore feature Salesforce has..." ### Bonterra OneCause - Title: [What is OneCause used for?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-is-onecause-used-for) — 2 comments > **Top comment:** "We use it for our annual fundraising gala. Specifically, the online mobile bidding has extended our reach to many more folks than can attend the event and..." - Title: [How much does Onecause cost?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/how-much-does-onecause-cost) — 2 comments > **Top comment:** "OneCause rates vary depending on the service you use. My company uses OneCause for a virtual auction and the price is extremely reasonable!" - Title: [How can i better integrate QuickBooks and GiftWorks to avoid duplication of data entry](https://www.g2.com/discussions/how-can-i-better-integrate-quickbooks-and-giftworks-to-avoid-duplication-of-data-entry) — 1 comment, 1 upvote > **Top comment:** "Tim -- all of our data can easily be exported in CSV format, making it easy to import your transaction data into several accounting and CRM systems. " - Title: [What kinds of peer-to-peer fundraising does your software support?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-kinds-of-peer-to-peer-fundraising-does-your-software-support) — 1 comment, 1 upvote *(includes official response)* > **Top comment:** "Our platform is designed to make your event easy and successful. Whether it’s a traditional “on the ground” event (like a run, walk, or ride), personal..." - Title: [Can donors cover costs associated with their donations?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/can-donors-cover-costs-associated-with-their-donations) — 1 comment, 1 upvote *(includes official response)* > **Top comment:** "Yes. Donors are given the opportunity to increase their donation to cover costs associated with ticketing, donations, and other transactions." --- **Source:** [G2.com](https://www.g2.com) | [Comparison Page](https://www.g2.com/compare/agentforce-nonprofit-formerly-salesforce-nonprofit-cloud-vs-bonterra-onecause)